Horizontal Separation

Question 1

Lateral separation defintion

Answer 1

Distance between AC is never less than a specified amount

Question 2

Lateral separation - Track

Answer 2

• Flight on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navaid being used
• AC must be within either…
  + The designated operational coverage of a VOR
  + The protected range of an NDB

Question 3

VOR/DME(TAC)

Answer 3

• Converging; 20°, one AC 15 miles from stn
• Diverging; 20°, one AC 30 miles from stn
• Inbound/Outbound; 20°, outbound AC at least 20 miles from stn, or inbound AC at least 30 miles from stn

Question 4

VOR

Answer 4

• Diverging AC only
  + 20° or more, time equivalent of 15 miles or 4 mins (whichever greater) from VOR, or…
  + Both AC have passed VOR and are established on radials diverging by 45° or more

Question 5

NDB

Answer 5

• Diverging AC only

+ Established on diverging radials by 30° or more, 1 AC time equivalent of 15 miles or 4 mins (whichever greater)

Question 6

Lateral Separation - Geographical

Answer 6

• Locations determined either visually or by reference to a navaid
• Must be indicated by position reports over locations specified in MATS Pt2
• Separation must be constant or increasing

Question 7

Lateral Separation - Holding

Answer 7

• Applied between AC holding and enroute AC when…
  + Enroute AC is within 5 mins flying time of holding AC flight path, or holding area
  + Exceptions specified in MATS Pt2

Question 8

Departure Separation

Answer 8

• Less than 1 min; Different rwys, AC diverge immediately after takeoff by at least 45°
• 1 min; Same rwy, AC diverge immediately after takeoff by at least 45°
• 2 min; Preceeding AC 40kts or greater faster
• 5 min; Preceeding AC 20kts or greater faster and separation maintained up to RP or AS boundary, until it can be established either vertically, by radar or by tracks diverging by 30° or more

Question 9

Wake Turbulence Separation - Intermediate Approach

Answer 9

• M/S crossing behind H at same level or less than 1000’ below; 5nm
• L crossing behind H at same level or less than 1000’ below; 6nm
• Any AC following A380: As per FA, 6778

Question 10

Wake Turbulence Separation - Final Approach Application

Answer 10

• AC operating directly behind at same level or less than 1000’ below
• AC crossing behind at same level or less than 1000’ below
• Both AC using same rwy or parallel rwys separated by less than 760m