Cell Pathology 6 - Case Studies Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main cuses of gastritis?
A
- Chemical agents (drugs)
- Infectious agents (helicobacter)
- Immunological reactons (autoimmune)
2
Q
What does helicobacter cause?
A
- Redness, swelling and pain (inflammation)
- Ulcer formation
- Atrophy
- Granulomatous inflammation
- Metaplasia (cells in the stomach contain goblet cells when they usually dont - they contain SI cells)
3
Q
Define an ulcer
A
An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body - a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal.
4
Q
What is granulomatous inflammation?
A
- A particular form of chronic inflammation which shows granuloma formation.
- This is a cluster of activated macrophages which release cytokines.
5
Q
What are the causes of granulomatous inflammation?
A
- Infection (TB or helicobacter)
- Foreign material
- Reaction to tumours
- Immune diseases (Crohns)
6
Q
What are the two types of ulcer healing?
A
- Acute ulcers heal with cell regeneration and resolution
- Chronic ulcers repair by connective tissue and scar tissue formation.
7
Q
What are the three types of plaque in atherosclerosis?
A
- Asymptomatic stable plaque
- Symptomatic stable plaque causing inducible ischaemia
- Unstable plaque with risk of ruptipure and acute ischaemic events.
8
Q
What are the risks of atherosclerosis?
A
- Stable angina, demetia, chronic lower limb ischaemia.
- Myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction
- Weakening of arterial wall leading to aneurysm formation
9
Q
What is an aneurysm?
A
An abnormal fluid filled bulge of a blood vessel (especially an artery) due to weakening of the vessel wall.
10
Q
What are the possible outcomes of a coronary artery aneurysm?
A
Rupture or thrombosis.
