MCD - Bacterial Properties

Question 1

Eschericha coli

Answer 1

Gram negative bacteria - cause diarrhea, dysentry, and kidney failure.

Question 2

Salmonella

Answer 2

Gram negative bacteria - typhimurium causes food poisoning, typhoid causes typhoid.

Question 3

Shingella

Answer 3

Gram negative - dysentery

Question 4

Vibrio cherae

Answer 4

Gram negative - cholera

Question 5

Neisseria

Answer 5

Gram negative - meningitidis causes meningitis, gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea

Question 6

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 6

Gram positive - causes skin diseases, endocarditis, bacteraemia, pneumonia and joint diseases.

Question 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 7

Gram positive - pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media

Question 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 8

Gram positive - tonsillitis, necrotising fasciitis, bacteremia and scarlet fever

Question 9

What are mycobacterium?

Answer 9

Mycobacterium are a third type of bacteria, neither gram positive nor gram negative

Question 10

List two types of mycobacterium and what disease they cause

Answer 10

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB, and mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy.

Question 11

What are commensal bacteria?

Answer 11

Harmless or beneficial bacteria

Question 12

Describe how salmonella enters the cell

Answer 12

Flagella allow them to swim to the cell surface of another cell. There the injectisome injects a protein into the cell causing actin polymerisation, membrane ruffling and bacterial internalisation (membrane engulfs the bacteria).

Question 13

Describe how listeria moves around the cell?

Answer 13

Causes actin polymerisation forming an actin tail which allows them to become motile.

Question 14

List the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 14

• Transformation
• Conjugation
• Transduction

Question 15

Which bacteria are Extracellular pathogens?

Answer 15

Staphylococcus, streptococcus, yersinia, neisseria

Question 16

Which bacteria are intracellular pathogens that escape?

Answer 16

Listeria, shingella

Question 17

Which bacteria are intracellular pathogens that prevent fusion with lysosomes?

Answer 17

Salmonella, mycobacterium, chlamydia

Question 18

Which bacteria are intracellular pathogens that survive in the phagolysosome?

Answer 18

Coxiella

Question 19

What is the gene repertoire?

Answer 19

The core genes and accessory genes present in a bacteria pathogens genome - accessory genes vary between different strains.