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History > 7.4 French revolution > Flashcards

7.4 French revolution Flashcards

1
Q

How, in the 18th century, French society was structured according to the estates system

A

1st: Clergy, 2: Nobility , 3rd the rest

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2
Q

why people of the third estate got dissatisfied with the monarchy and the social inequality of the estate system.

A

Because they had no privilages and powr or a say over the country and had to pay a lot more taxes

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3
Q

Why king Louis XVI called for a meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 and how this meeting ended.

A
  • called for their money issues
  • the Third Estate formed the National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join
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4
Q

What the Tennis Court Oath was

A

The pledge to not break up until new constitution for france has been written

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5
Q

How, why and when the French Revolution started

A

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1794. King Louis XVI needed more money, but had failed to raise more taxes when he had called a meeting of the Estates Genera

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6
Q

How the Ancien Regime came to an end

A

bc of the revolution

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7
Q

How Robespierre could start the Reign of Terror

A

Robespierre wrote the declaration of “The order of the day”

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8
Q

How other European countries reacted to the revolution in France.

A

With an attitued of watching, waiting and warning

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9
Q

How Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power.

A

Napoleon gained power due to his respected reputation as a military officer during the French Revolution

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10
Q

How Napoleon spread the ideas of the French Revolution and how his power ended.

A

Everywhere he went, he brought some of the ideals of the French Revolution, especially through the legal system known as the Napoleonic Code

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11
Q

What happened in 1789 in france

A

it was the year of the French Revolution

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12
Q

How many estates were there

A

3; Clergy, nobility, commoners

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13
Q

The 3rd Estate: Commoners

A
  • > 95% of people were here
  • 3rd estate began to have proffesional people (doctors, lawyers, etc) Bourgeoisie
  • 3rd estate had to pay for the lifestyle of 1,2 estate
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14
Q

About society: What system had been used since the Middle Ages?

A

The estate system

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15
Q

What did the Bourgeoisie and the Nobility have in common?

A

Wealthy

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16
Q

1st estate: Clergy

A
  • Everybody who works for the Catholic Church.
  • Clergy members are called “clerics”
17
Q

2nd estate: Nobility, Aristocrats

A
  • this was the group of nobles who got land from the monarch
  • a lot of privilages, power
18
Q

3rd estate: peasents, city workers, bourgeoisie

A
  • In the Early Middle Ages that meant: mostly peasants.
  • After the Renaissance some cityworkers became successful businessmen.
    They were educated.
    They became very rich.
19
Q

What kind of change did the bourgeoisie demand?

A

They demanded the same power and privileges as the people from the first and second estate.

20
Q

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

A
  • 1770 Louis married Marie (15, 14)
  • the wedding was arranged to improve the political relationship between Austria and France.
  • 1774 –> became king and queen (reign with trouble)
21
Q

winter of 1788/1789

A
  • horrible time for peasents (Caused harvest failure)
  • farmers died of starvation
  • Nobility lived happy with a lot of food
  • King Louis waged wars with countries (unhelpful)
  • France was on the bink of bankruptcy in 1789 (american revolution)
22
Q

The last estate general meeting

A
  • Representatives of the people from all three estates together made up the Estates-General (1/2 - 300, 3- 600)
  • May 1789 –> called by louis for the money issues in Versailles
  • 3rd estate was angry
  • 3rd estate wanted: Equal votes, abolish privilages of 1,2, more euqality
23
Q

The tennis court oath

A
  • No more absolute power
  • send 20,000 soldiers in secret
  • They pledged to not break up until new constitution was formed
24
Q

Catch phrase -

A

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (

25
Q

Why was it called the National Assembly

A

because they reasoned that they represented the whole nation (95%)

26
Q

start to revolution

A
  • In July 1789 hundreds of Parisians gathered to destroy depots, hospitals, etc
  • July 14th they stormed the Bastille, start of revolution!!
27
Q

The great fear

A
  • Between July 17th and August 3th 1789, peasants in the countryside revolted against their landlords (Great fear)
  • called The Great Fear because peasants believed that the higher classes created the famine on purpose
  • destroyed villas, castles, killed people
  • Called Sans Culottes bc they wore trousers
28
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

A
  • established on August 26th
  • According to the Declaration everyone is born free and is equal in the eyes of the law
  • Inspired by the usa
29
Q

March on Versailles

A
  • feared the monarch wanted the old political way
  • took place on October 1789
  • First it was marketplace woman
    (The Women’s March on Versailles)
  • People broke into the palace, ruined possesions
  • Protestors demanded more bread and wanted the king to accept the declaration
  • King and queen became prisoners of the third estate
30
Q

The failed escape

A
  • In 1791 the royal family tried to escape
  • Wanted to start counter-revolution
  • Arrested on the evening of June 21st at Varennes
  • National convention charged hi with treason
  • 387 voted for death penalty, 334 voted against conviction
  • Executed at Place de la Revolution in 1793
31
Q

Reign of terror

A
  • 1792 official end to monarchy
  • leader; Maxime Robespierre (Lawyer in estates-general, influenced by enlightenment)
  • Everyone who disagreed –> executed
  • Supported the political group, Jacobines
  • Lead to thousands of deaths
32
Q

Guillotine

A
  • king Louis and his family tried to escape executed 1793
  • Painless method of execution (quick)
  • Clergy and aristocrats were prosecuted
  • 40,000 killed in FR
33
Q

End of terror

A
  • ended in 1794
  • Robespierre was executed in 1794 bc of dictorial behavior
  • Jacobines lost their leader and were replaced
34
Q

Napolean Bonaparte

A
  • 1799 france was recovering
  • France was now a republic
  • Became new leader
  • was a general that returned to france in 1798
  • won against italy and egypt
  • People saw him as a hero
35
Q

Fist Coalation war

A
  • 1792-1797
  • military conflict between france and european countries
36
Q

Monarchy … again

A
  • moderates asked for NB’s support in coup d’états
  • economic decline in France
  • NB brought peace n stability to the country
  • 1799-1804b his position grew stronger
  • The Pope was not allowed to perform the coronation by Napoleon
  • became an emperor
37
Q

The Napoleonic Wars

A
  • famous for victories
  • 1804-1815
  • won 60 battles
  • lost 7
38
Q

New political ideas

A
  • code napoleon
  • new measurements were introduced to conquered countries
39
Q

France x russia

A
  • 1812 nb attacked russia
  • russians evaded attacks by granbde armee
  • reatreated w/ 30,000 men left
  • NB defeated in waterloo 1815

History (12 decks)

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