5.1 The renaissance

Question 1

What is the renaissance

Answer 1

The Renaissance period was a cultural movement that started in the Italian city-states.

Question 2

Why did the renaissance start in Italy

Answer 2

1. The merchants and bankers were rich and could afford expensive buildings and pieces of art.
2. The Romans came from Italy and their buildings were still to be seen there.
3. ## Refugees arrived from Constantinople with knowledge of antiquity.

Question 3

Why did the fall of Constantinople fuel the Renaissance?

Answer 3

• thousands of refugees fled from Constantinople to the Northern Italian city-states. Among them were scholars, architects, poets, astronomers, scientists and artists who brought their money, books and skills
• the people of Constantinople had been able to copy and preserve it. Now they brought the knowledge to the Italian city-states.
• the knowledge of the refugees fuelled the interest in antiquity.

Question 4

How did peoples’ worldview change during the Renaissance?

Answer 4

During middle-ages:
- life was a test
- God would decide if they went to heaven
- Feared death not life
- if they didn’t live life according to the words of the priests they went to hell

During Renaissance:
- new views on religion, humans, and the world
- Scholars started to study ancient texts, which made them change their worldview.
- No longer did they focus on the mystical power of God or the fear of going to hell, but on the ability of humans to think for themselves.
- became less influenced by the church.
people should enjoy life by having elaborate parties, buying fancy clothing and hiring skilled artists and architects to make beautiful paintings, sculptures and buildings.
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Question 5

How did art change during the Renaissance?

Answer 5

Before:
- painters and sculptors were seen as craftsmen and almost all art was commissioned by the church. Their arts had to represent a Christian theme

After:
- Painters, sculptors and architects were hired by bankers and merchants who wanted to enjoy life.
- needed someone to decorate their homes or to make building plans for new palaces.
- Craftsmen increased their skills, which made their art look more realistic , with colour and depth.
- shifted from biblical themes to scenes from antiquity

Question 6

How did Renaissance ideas spread across Europe?

Answer 6

Because of the invention of the printing press; it allowed for improved communication accross Europe and it spread ideas quicker

Question 7

1450

Answer 7

Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press

Question 8

1453

Answer 8

Ottomans conquer Constantinople

Question 9

1503

Answer 9

da Vinci starts painting the Mona Lisa

Question 10

1543

Answer 10

Copernicus publishes his theory of a sun centered universe

Question 11

When do historians say that the Middle-Ages end?

Answer 11

Around the 15th centuries

Question 12

Changes that occurred

Answer 12

1. Ottomans conquered constatinople (the Byzantine Empire) renamed it isantbul and made it the capital of a new muslim empire
2. The invention of the printing press, around 1450, meant that knowledge and ideas could spread more quickly.
3. In 1492 Columbus discovered America. This would change the people’s old world view completely.
4. Firearms were invented. Canons and rifles were primitive in the beginning, but this new way of warfare marked the beginning of a new Age. Castles were no longer a good defense against canons. After the Middle Ages castles would not be built anymore
5. The black death

Question 13

The black death

Answer 13

A disease that killed 1/3 of the European population

During it people thought it the disease started bc of people’s sins so, they turned to the church for help, but they didn’t have any answers nor could help.

before it, people but their faith to the pope, after it they started to doubt it, they didn’t think everything he said was the absolute truth

Question 14

During middle ages what did people do/believe

Answer 14

• church is always right
• used bows and arrows
• had handwritten books
• the earth is flat
• a christian empire

Question 15

After middle ages what did people do/believe

Answer 15

• critical towards the church
• used firearms
• had printed books
• earth is a globe
• Ottaman empire (islam)

Question 16

Leonardo da vinci

Answer 16

• born 1452 in vinci
• Homo Universalis: sculptor, painter, an architect, an anatomist, a poet, a writer, an engineer, etc
• Invented: parachute, a tank, a mechanical knight and musical instruments.
• Painted: Mona Lisa, Last supper

Question 17

Renaissance time period

Answer 17

14th - 17th century

Question 18

Classical antiquity means

Answer 18

the time of Greeks and Romans

Question 19

How did Italian cities become rich and powerful

Answer 19

Through trade

Question 20

why the knowledge of antiquity had been lost in western Europe, but had been preserved in eastern Europe.

Answer 20

The Western Roman Empire was invaded by Germanic tribes. These so-called “barbarians” were illiterate and they were not interested in written knowledge. Thus, many Greek and Roman books were destroyed. The Eastern Roman Empire was not invaded. Here, the written knowledge survived.

Question 21

Making paintings difference middle ages v renaissance

Answer 21

Middle ages:
- not realistic
- craftsman
- flat picture
- biblical sunjects

Renaissance:
- subject from daily life and antiquity
- artist
- perspective

Question 22

Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 22

• 1473-1543 was born in Poland and educated in Poland and Italy
• qualified as a mathematician, an astronomer and a doctor
• ## theory that the Earth went round the Sun was built on the theories of earlier Arab and Greek thinkers