8.1 Industrial revolution Flashcards
What happende during the industrial revolution
work became mechanised and factories were built to house steam engines
What did industrialisation lead to
Growth of cities
difference between European civilisation before and after the Industrial Revolution
Before: Agricultural urban society, early modern age, manual work, candles/oil lamps, walked or used horses, little pollution
After: Urban society, modern age, machines did the work, electricity, used steam locomotive, much pollution
why this revolution started in Britain
- first country to be industrialised
- people were intersted in technology and progress
- Many harbours (to ship goods)
- Agriculture –> Farmers used new techniques, agricultural surplus
- population grew –> Higher demand
How does a steam engine work
When heated, water turns to an invisible vapor known as steam. The volume of water expands as it turns to steam inside the boiler, creating a high pressure. The expansion of steam pushes the pistons that connect to the driving wheels that operate the locomotive.
how did cities change because of the industrialisation
Factories were built, growth of cities, population growth, machined led to unemployment
James Hargreaves
Invented the spinning Jenny –> One of the first machines of textile production
- Increased speed 8x
- cheap device, ran by hand, broke easily
James Watt
Made an adapted version of the first steam engine
- the steam engine could operate a whole scale of different machines. Its rotary movement revolutionised industry.
Richard Arkwright
Invented the waterframe
- worked on waterpower
- didn’t need much man power
- not really reliable cuz it had to be placed in a watermill bur rivers didn’t alwasy flow well
Queen victoria
Queen of britain at the time of this revolution
Important dates
1712: first steam engine
1750 - 1900: Industrial Revolution
1837 - 1901: Victorian Age
A world changing revolution
- before revolution: people lived in an agricultural-urban society, manual labour, Craftsmen used their hands and tools to make products
- Later: Machines were invented to do the work
- Transportation changed
- candle–> lamp
- changes in working conditions, health, social situations and living conditions
Spinning machines
- inventors were inspired by the issue
- Entrepeneurs saw a chance to make $
- invention forr textile production
Steam power
- ancient greeks made designs but, wasn’t put to use
- 1712 first real steam engine was used to pump out water
- steam engines becames so big that they had to be placed in factories
- coal made heat, water made steam
Life in an industrial industry (country wise)
- bel was 2nd and usa, Fr and ger
- Nl was one of the last ones
- industrialisation led to a decline of agriculture
- growth of education, banking and transportation
- Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham became leaders in the industrial revolution
- This process of growth in cities is called urbanisation.
