UNIT 3: Nasal Cavity, Oral Cavity and Sinuses Flashcards
what shell shaped projections are found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? what is their function?
conchae - superior, middle, inferior
warm and moisturise air to reduce core cooling
what are the spaces located inferior to each concha?
meatus
what are the four paranasal sinuses?
- ethmoid
- frontal
- maxillary
- sphenoid
which meatus does the ethmoid sinus drain into?
superior and middle meatus
where do the posterior ethmoidal cells open onto?
ethmoidal bulla
which meatus does the frontal sinus drain into?
middle meatus
which meatus does the maxillary sinus drain into?
middle meatus
which meatus does the sphenoid sinus drain into?
spheno-ethmoidal recess
what is the depression on the middle meatus called that the frontal and maxillary drain into?
hiatus semilunaris (semilunar hiatus)
what structure opens onto the lateral wall of the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
what structure can be found behind the conchae that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
eustachian tube / pharyngotympanic tube
what is the name of the condition where there is increased secretions and inflammation of sinuses?
sinusitis
what is the consequence of ethmoid sinusitis?
break wall of orbit - cause blindness
what is the consequence of frontal sinusitis?
osteomyelitis (infection of bone)
meningitis
what is the root of the tongue attached to?
hyoid bone and mandible
what are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
intrinsic: superior/ inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
extrinsic: genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus
which nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue? which muscle is the exception/
hypoglossal - cranial nerve XII
palatoglossus supplied by vagus nerve
how would you test for hypoglossal nerve?
stick tongue out check for wasting/ fasciculations if tongue deviates to either side - suggests weakening of muscles
which nerve supplies general sensation to the tongue?
trigeminal nerve - mandibular V3
which nerve supplies special sensation to the tongue?
chorda tympani nerve of facial nerve
what is the structure separating the nasal and oral cavity and what is its innervation?
hard palate (bony) - innervated by greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
what other structure forms the roof of the mouth? give its function and innervation
soft palate (muscular)- separates nasopharynx from oropharynx and acts as valve to control oropharyngeal isthmus innervated by lesser palatine nerves
what muscles are found within the soft palate?
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
- innervated by mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve
what structures form the borders of the oropharyngeal isthmus?
superior: soft palate
inferior: tongue
lateral: palatoglossal arches
