UNIT 2: peritoneum

Question 1

what is the peritoneum split into?

Answer 1

parietal - internal abdominopelvic wall

visceral -organs

Question 2

explain the differences in peritoneum covering organs

Answer 2

intraperitoneal =completely cover organs i.e. stomach/spleen

retraperitoneal = Suprarenal glands/ Aorta/ Duodenum/ Pancreas/ Ureter/ Colon/ Kidneys/ Esophagus/ Rectum

Question 3

what does the peritoneal cavity contain?

Answer 3

peritoneal fluid - lubricates surfaces no friction

and also contains leukocytes/antibodies to resist infection

Question 4

what is a mesentery?

Answer 4

double layer of peritoneum due to invagination by an organ - continuation of visceral/parietal peritoneum
- allows neurovascular communication between organs and body walls

Question 5

what is a peritoneal ligament? - give an example

Answer 5

double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ to an organ or organ to abdominal wall
- e.g. falciform ligament - liver

Question 6

what is an omentum?

Answer 6

double layer of peritoneum that extends from stomach/ proximal duodenum to adjacent organs

Question 7

how is the omentum split?

Answer 7

greater / lesser omentum

- attached along greater curve/ attached along lesser curveq

Question 8

what are three ligaments of the greater omentum?

Answer 8

gastrocolic - stomach/ colon
gastrophrenic - stomach/ diaphragm
gastrosplenic - stomach/ spleen

Question 9

what are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum?

Answer 9

hepatogastric - stomach/ liver

hepatoduodenal - contains portal triad of hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

Question 10

how is the greater sac divided and what are in these compartments?

Answer 10

divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments by transverse mesocolon and gastrocolic ligament

supracolic: stomach/ liver/ spleen
infacolic: small intestine/ ascending and descending colon

Question 11

how do the compartments of the greater sac communicate?

Answer 11

through paracolic gutters = groove between lateral aspect of colon and posterolateral abdominal wallq

Question 12

where is the lesser sac (omental bursa) found? what is its function?

Answer 12

posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
- allows free movement of stomach on adjacent structures because anterior/ posterior walls slide adjacent over each other

Question 13

what is a peritoneal recess?

Answer 13

pouch/concavity formed by a peritoneal fold

Question 14

what are the two recesses of the lesser sac?

Answer 14

superior: bounded by diaphragm and layers of the coronary ligament of the liver
inferior: between superior part of layers of greater omentum

Question 15

how do the greater/ lesser sac communicate?

Answer 15

through omental foramen 
anterior border: hepatoduodenal ligament
posterior border: IVC and right crus of diaphragm
superior border: liver
inferior border: 1st part of duodenum