Chapter 10

Question 1

In this test a Zone of inhibition surrounding

antibiotic discs is measured and compared with a standard for each drug

Answer 1

Kirby-Bauer test

Question 2

In this method a constant quantity of
microorganisms is introduced into a series of broth
cultures containing decreasing concentrations of a
chemotherapeutic agent

Answer 2

Tube dilution test

Question 3

In this test you would obtain a sample of a patients

blood while the patient is receiving an antibiotic

Answer 3

Serum killing power

Question 4

Level of drug that causes host damage

Answer 4

Toxic dosage level

Question 5

Level of drug that successfully eliminates the
pathogenic organism if the level is maintained over
a period of time.

Answer 5

Therapeutic dosage level

Question 6

The maximum tolerable dose per kilogram of body
weight, divided my the minimum dose per
kilogram of body weight, that will cure the disease

Answer 6

Chemotherapeutic index

Question 7

A drug is ______ if it kills or inhibits the actions
or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms but
not vertebrate cells

Answer 7

Selectively toxic

Question 8

Drugs effective against more than one group of

bacteria

Answer 8

Broad Spectrum Drugs

Question 9

Drugs that target a specific group.

Answer 9

Narrow Spectrum Drugs

Question 10

Occurs due to taking a broad spectrum antibiotic.
Antibiotic that will killed targeted bacteria as well as
normal biota

Answer 10

Super-infection

Question 11

Preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals

and humans to improve intestinal biota

Answer 11

Probiotics

Question 12

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial

microbes

Answer 12

Prebiotics

Question 13

Antibiotic responsible for inhibition of cell wall

synthesis

Answer 13

Penicillin

Question 14

Penicillin contains a _______, which attaches and

destroys peptidoglycan.

Answer 14

• Beta lactam ring

Question 15

Antibiotic responsible for disruption of cell

membrane function.

Answer 15

Polymyxin

Question 16

Act on 30S portion of bacterial ribosomes by
interfering with the accurate reading (translation)
of the mRNA message.

Answer 16

Streptomycin

Question 17

Act on the 50S portion of bacterial ribosomes,

inhibiting formation of the growing polypeptide.

Answer 17

Erythromycin

Question 18

Binds to RNA polymerase and inhibits RNA

synthesis

Answer 18

Rifampin

Question 19

This drug shuts down DNA synthesis via the inhibition of folic acid production

Answer 19

Trimethoprim

Question 20

An adaptive response in which microorganisms
begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would
normally be inhibitory.

Answer 20

Drug resistance

Question 21

When naked DNA is picked up from a solution

and inserted into the bacterial genome.

Answer 21

Transformation

Question 22

In ____________ DNA is carried by a

bacteriophage into a bacterial cells genome

Answer 22

Transduction

Question 23

In ___________ genetic information is passed
directly from one bacterial cell to another via
pilli.

Answer 23

Conjugation