Chapter 19

Question 1

Does the upper respiratory tract contain normal

biota?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Does the lower respiratory tract contain normal

biota

Answer 2

No, it is a sterile environment

Question 3

Inflammation of the Pharynx

Answer 3

Pharyngitis

Question 4

More serious cases of pharyngitis are caused by

Answer 4

Streptococcus pyogenes

*would see pus packets in the back of the throat

Question 5

Streptococcal diseases should be treated promptly with antibiotics to avoid complications such as

Answer 5

Rheumatic fever.

Question 6

Causative agents include Rhinoviruses,
Coronavirus, Adenovirus, Respiratory syncytial
virus

Answer 6

Rhinitis

Question 7

Influenza glycoprotein spike known to aid in

binding to the virus host cell receptors

Answer 7

Hemagglutinin (H)

Question 8

In influenza this glycoprotein spike aids in the
break down of mucous in the respiratory tract and
aids in viral budding/release

Answer 8

Neuraminidase (N)

Question 9

Mutation of glycoprotein (H, N) genes leads to

seasonal influenza strains. This is known as

Answer 9

Antigenic drift

Question 10

RNA exchange between different viruses during
coinfection of a host cell leading to pandemic
strains of influenza is known as

Answer 10

Antigenic shift

Question 11

Relenza and Tamiflu are examples of what?

Answer 11

Antivirals

Question 12

Whooping cough is caused by:

Answer 12

Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

This stage of whooping cough is characterized by a runny nose and lasts 1-2 weeks

Answer 13

Catarrhal stage

Question 14

Stage of whooping cough in which there are bouts

of severe and violent coughing

Answer 14

Paroxysmal stage

Question 15

The incidence rate of whooping cough cases is increasing because
because

Answer 15

Vaccine does not provide lifelong immunity
(booster required], and lack of vaccination in
children

Question 16

Tuberculosis is caused by

Answer 16

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 17

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to infect and

divide in what cell type?

Answer 17

Macrophages

Question 18

Granuloma formed to impede further infection by

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 18

Tubercle

Question 19

Which cells make up the tubercle during a primary TB infection?

Answer 19

Macrophages, Lymphocytes, and Fibroblasts

Question 20

These cells release enzymes to break down the

tubercles during a TB infection.

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

After the center of tubercles are broken down and replaced with calcium deposits they are called

Answer 21

Neurotic caseous lesions

Question 22

During this stage of TB, the infection is dormant and there are no signs/symptoms. The patient is also not contagious

Answer 22

Primary TB

Question 23

Violent coughing with greenish or bloody

sputum and weight are signs/symptoms of_____?

Answer 23

Secondary TB

Question 24

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection outside of

the lungs?

Answer 24

Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 25

Tuberculosis Diagnosis includes:

Answer 25

Mantoux Testing, Chest X-rays and Acid Fast

Staining.

Question 26

Inflammatory condition of the lungs in which fluid

fills the alveoli

Answer 26

Pneumonia

Question 27

Causes 40% of community-acquired bacterial

cases of pneumonia

Answer 27

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 28

When hospitalized or institutionalized people

experience pneumonia it is called

Answer 28

Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia