749 exam Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Adaptive dimension
A
the ability to adapt to change, while illness is a failure to adapt
2
Q
Client
A
interactive consumer with free will
3
Q
Clinical dimension
A
the absence of disease signs and symptoms indicates health
4
Q
Determinants of health
A
a range of factors, which include social, economic, and environmental categories
5
Q
Disease prevention
A
the avoidance of illness and agents of illness, plus the identification of risks
6
Q
Eudaimonistic dimension
A
health is the positive interaction among the physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of the environment, while illness is a lack of involvement or apathy/wasting away with life
7
Q
Health
A
a basic human right
health is the absence of disease plus physical, mental, and social well-being
8
Q
Health versus wellness
A
health can be measured with thermometers, blood pressure machines, and blood tests; wellness is the client’s subjective assessment
9
Q
Healthy People 2020
A
an agenda of prevention for the United States; a tool that identifies what has been found to be the most significant preventable health threats
10
Q
High-level wellness
A
maximizing one’s potential
11
Q
Primary prevention
A
a set of actions that prevent a specific disease or condition; can only occur before someone contracts a disease or condition
12
Q
Quality of life
A
general well-being as assessed by either the client or someone else
13
Q
Role-performance dimension
A
health is defined as the ability of the person to perform social roles
14
Q
Secondary prevention
A
taking steps to limit risk and detect disease after exposure occurs
15
Q
Tertiary prevention
A
reducing effects of disease once symptoms are apparent
16
Q
Bio-psycho-social-spiritual model
A
is considered the most comprehensive for holistic health promotion.
the client’s state of mind influences the disease
17
Q
Clark Wellness model
A
nurse and patient working together to achieve wellness
18
Q
Concept
A
an idea about an observable fact or event
19
Q
Conceptual model
A
less formal way of organizing concepts than the theories themselves. This can be considered a pre theory
20
Q
Grand theories
A
all inclusive conceptual structures that describe and explain large segments of the human experience
21
Q
Health Education Model
A
clients must have awareness, knowledge, skills, positive attitudes, appropriate or supportive cultural norms,requisite opportunities and motivation to change to healthier behavior
22
Q
Hypothesis
A
predicts the relationship of variables
23
Q
Mid Range theories
A
are less abstract, more focused, and lead to a narrow explanation of specific phenomenon
24
Q
Model
A
outlines the structural components of a health phenomenon.
25
Orem self-care model
individuals can recover more quickly and holistically if they are allowed to perform their own self care to the best of their ability
26
Schematic model
is a visual representation
27
Self determination theory
suggests that every person has three basic psychological needs: competence, relatedness and autonomy.
28
Stages of change theory
any effort to change behavior passes through a set of specific stages before the behavior becomes permanent
29
Theory of reasoned action
two basic assumptions
first that human beings are rational
seconds that people consider the implications of their actions before they decide on certain behaviors
30
Value expectancy theory
relied on the assumptions that a person wants to avoid sickness
31
Variable
part of the relationship between phenomena.
32
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
can't discriminate based on genetic tests
33
Nursing Workforce Development programs
part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; recruits and supports nurses
34
What are the broad outcomes of health care disparities
greater likelihood to have behavioral health issues
35
Who is most at risk for health and health care disparities
racial or ethnic group, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, mental health, cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location
Individuals with low health literacy; children
36
Design and layout
Breaks up dense copy
Uses descriptive headers
Uses appropriate fonts
Uses white space
Uses appropriate type faces/font
Includes appealing and appropriate graphics
37
Know the recommendations for developing and evaluating patient education materials
- Takes into account intended audience
- Is organized logically (generally most important information first)
- Breaks information into chunks with useful headings
- Uses short sentences
- Uses “you” and “we” when appropriate
- Uses active voice
- Includes action steps
38
2020 Goals: Attain
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
39
2020 Goals: Achieve
Achieve good health of all groups
40
2020 Goals: Create
Create environments that promote good health for all
41
2020 Goals: Promote
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
42
2020 mission: Identify nationwide
health improvement priorities
43
2020 mission: Increase
public awareness
44
2020 mission: Provide
Provide measurable goals that are applicable at the national, State, and local levels.
45
2020 mission: Engage
Engage multiple sectors
46
2020 mission: Identify critical
Identify critical research, evaluation, and data collection needs.
47
2020: Vision
a society in which all people live, long, healthy lives
48
Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time in order to:
Encourage collaborations
Empower individuals
Measure the impact of prevention
49
Primary prevention is
A set of actions that prevents a specific disease or condition
50
Tertiary prevention is
Treatment and management of the patient’s clinical and chronic disease
51
Primary prevention includes
Use of environmental sanitation
52
Secondary prevention includes
Adequate treatment to arrest disease process and prevent further complications and sequelae
53
Determinants of health refers to
A range of factors, including social, economic, and environmental
54
Nutbeam’s list of factors that are determinants of health includes
Social support networks
55
The PRECEDE-PROCEED framework
Includes assessments of environment, ecology, and education of a community/ individual.
56
The health promotion model includes the following assumption:
Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior
57
The expanded health belief model includes
The self-efficacy concept.
58
A theory
Is all of the above
59
The relationship between a concept and a theory is
Concepts put together will make a theory.
60
A grand theory
Explains large segments of the human experience.
61
A midrange theory
Is more concrete than a grand theory.
62
A model
Is the connection between theories and concepts with symbolic representations.
63
A conceptual model is also known as
A conceptual framework
64
The purpose of a hypothesis is
To guide the direction of the study through prediction.
65
The American Academy of Pediatricians was instrumental in promoting the use of:
Bicycle helmets for children when they are riding bicycles
66
Political spheres of influence for the nurse include:
All of the above
67
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes which of the following provisions?
All of the above
68
Pender’s Health Promotion Model- the belief
that each person has unique characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions.
69
theory: it assumes that people are always logical
TT
70
a problem with this theory is that there is no idea about how much time is needed for each stage
TT
71
TT: One problem with this theory is that it ignores the
social context that the change is occurring in
72
TT: changing the environment to encourage healthy behaviors is
stimulus control
73
TT: rewarding positive behavior and not rewarding negative behavior is
reinforcement management
74
TT: changing healthy behaviors from unhealthy is
counter conditioning
75
TT: Finding supportive relationships that encourage the desired change is
helping relationships
76
TT: commitment to change behavior based on the belief that achievement of the healthy behavior is possible is
self liberation
77
TT: environmental opportunities that exist to show society is supportive of the healthy behavior is
social liberation
78
TT: Social reappraisal to realize how their unhealthy behavior affects others is
environmental reevaluation
79
TT: emotional arousal about the health behavior whether it's good or bad arousal is
dramatic relief
80
TT: Increasing awareness about healthy behavior is called
consciousness raising
81
TT: people have no desire to return to the unhealthy behavior and are sure they will not relapse
termination
82
TT: this stage is rare and most people stay in the maintenance stage
termination
83
TT: people in this stage work to prevent relapse
maintenance
84
TT: people have sustained their behavior for more than 6 months
maintenance
85
TT: they intend to keep moving forward with the behavior change
action
86
TT: people have recently changed their behavior within the last 6 months
action
87
TT: people start to take small steps toward the behavior change
preparation
88
TT: people believe changing their behavior can lead to a more healthy life
preparation
89
TT: people are ready to take action within the next 30 days
preparation
90
TT: the person does not intend to take any action
precontemplation
91
TT: people usually don't even know that
| their behavior is bad
precontemplation
92
TT: people usually underestimate the pros of changing behavior and under estimate the cons of changing behavior
precontemplation
93
TT: people are thinking about starting the behavior
| sometime in the future
contemplation
94
TT: people start to see that their behavior
| could be a problem
contemplation
95
TT: people start to think more realistically about the pros and cons equally
contemplation
96
TT: even though they start to recognize a problem people have mixed feelings still
contemplation
97
The main thing about penders model is to
associate health promoting behaviors with positive feelings
98
prior behavior and other characteristics influence the belief in and effect of health promoting behaviors
pender
99
Pender: People commit to healthy behaviors that
they think will benefit them
100
The more Self efficacy you have the less barriers will stop you
Pender
101
pender: when you have a positive effect from behavior you get more self efficacy and that leads to
even more positive affects
102
people are more likely to stick with good behaviors if their social support is encouraging them
pender
103
Pender: If you have a bigger commitment to a plan of action
you are more likely to maintain the plan overtime
104
Pender: if someone has a more immediate problem
they will be less likely to maintain the behaviors
105
nurses and patients can work together to change things and make incentives for being healthy
pender
106
HBM Relied on the assumptions that
a person wants to avoid being sick and a belief that a specific health action by that person would prevent the illness
107
theory that is based on a person's idea of the perceived benefits compared to the perceived barriers
HBM
108
HBM: People will take action to prevent illness if they feel that they are susceptible
to the illness
109
HBM: people will take action to prevent illness if they think the condition will be
really bad for them
110
HBM: People Will take action to prevent illness if they think there are actions they can
take to benefit them
111
HBM: people will take action to prevent illness if the barriers are
smaller than the benefits
112
HBM: people will take action to prevent illness if there are good reasons to believe
the action is needed
113
HBM: People will take action if they have self
efficacy
114
The health belief model is good for addressing problems that
evoke health concerns
115
The TT model focuses on decision making by
the individual
116
People don't change behaviors cold Turkey, rather they go through a cycle of slow change
TT
117
TT is not a theory, it's a model. This means that
different theories can be applied to this model
118
the 6 TT stages are
pre contemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance termination
119
TT: The best intervention strategy depends on which
stage the person is in
120
where do you put the most important info
at the beginning
