Xray Lines and Spaces

Question 1

chamberlains line is from __ to __

Answer 1

hard palate to foramen magnum

“CHA”

Question 2

mcgregors line is from __ to __

Answer 2

hard palate to occiput

“mcgregors gonna hit your mouth and occiput”

Question 3

martins basilar angle is formed by what 3 points

Answer 3

nasion to sella

sella to foramen magnum

Question 4

what lines are used for basilar invagination

Answer 4

chamberlains

mcgregors

Question 5

what angle is used for platybasia and Arnold chiari

Answer 5

martins basilar angle

Question 6

mcraes line is from __ to __

Answer 6

anterior foramen magnum to posterior foramen magnum

Question 7

what line is used at the posterior aspect of C2 to C7 to measure normal, kyphotic, or hyperkyphosis

Answer 7

Jackson stress lines

Question 8

which line runs from anterior aspect of sp’s
or
posterior aspect of the spinal canal

Answer 8

spinolaminar line

Question 9

which line runs from the posterior aspect for the vertebral bodies
or
the anterior aspect of the spinal canal

Answer 9

Georges line

posterior spinal line

Question 10

what are the distance in spinal canal avg or minimal for the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine

Answer 10

cervical - 24mm avg
thoracic- 12mm min
lumbar- 15mm min

24/2+3

Question 11

what is the spinal canal to the vertebral body ratio called

what is considered good and bad

Answer 11

eisensteins rule

good 2:1
bad 4:1

Question 12

which lines is used to indicate facet imbrication and degeneration

Answer 12

mcnabs line

Question 13

where does mcnabs line run

what is it used for

Answer 13

inferior endplate of superior vertebrae
superior facet of the inferior vertebrae

facet imbrication and degeneration

Question 14

where does van akkerveekens line run

what is it used for

Answer 14

inferior endplate of superior vertebrae
superior endplate of inferior vertebrae

hyperextension and prediction

Question 15

what is hadleys S curve

what is it used for

how can it be taken

Answer 15

curve along the facet and Tps of the spine - looks like an S

indicates alignment

ap, pa, oblique

Question 16

what is Fergusons lines also called

what is it used for

Answer 16

lumbar gravity line - references middle of L3 with a straight line down while using reference of the sacrum

normal - through the anterior 1/3 of sacral base

Fergusons line anterior to sacrum - hyperlordosis

Fergusons line posterior to sacrum - hypolordosis

Question 17

what are the different types of salter Harris fractures

Answer 17

1 - through growth plate 
2 - through growth plate and metaphysis 
3 - through growth plate and epiphysis 
4 - through GP, Met, Epiphysis - all 3 components 
5- crush, compression, or impaction

Question 18

scoliosis is most often __ lateral deviation

scoliosis is most commonly seen where in the spine

Answer 18

right

thoracolumbar

Question 19

which test is used to determine if the scoliosis is functional or structural

Answer 19

Adams test

Question 20

what signs or procedures are done to check if the scoliosis is mature or still progressing

Answer 20

rissers sign - check the iliac crest to see how much has developed and ossified which gives us indication of maturity

PA wrist - also shows signs of maturity

Question 21

what causes the rotation is scoliosis

Answer 21

multifidi spasm

Question 22

what is the protocol for scoliosis care

Answer 22

0-20- adjust
20-40- bracing
>40- surgery
>50- cardiopulmonary compromise

Question 23

which lines and angles are used for scoliosis

Answer 23

Cobbs angle

Question 24

lovett principles of scoliosis

explain

Answer 24

Lovett Positive or Rotatory Scoliosis. In a Lovett positive scoliosis, the axis of vertebral rotation in the lumbar area is posterior to the articulating processes. When the segments are asymmetrically loaded, the bodies of the involved segments normally deviate farther from the midline than their spinous processes.

Lovett Negative or Simple Scoliosis. If a lumbar scoliosis shows that the spinous processes have deviated from the midline further than the vertebral bodies, the condition is said to be atypical (negative). A negative scoliosis is indicative of marked muscle involvement.

Question 25

what is kohlers line

Answer 25

line from posterior aspect of acetabulum to anterior aspects of obturator foramen

Question 26

what is kohlers line used for

what if bilateral or unilateral

Answer 26

acetabular protrusio - walstrums teardrop

bilateral - pagets and RA
unilateral - infection and OA

Question 27

what is Kleins line used for

Answer 27

SCFE

Question 28

what is Kleins line

Answer 28

femoral neck line

Question 29

what is iliofemoral line

Answer 29

outskirts of lateral ilium connecting to superior aspect of femoral neck

Question 30

what is skinners line

Answer 30

line running through femoral shaft until the top of greater trochanter - right angle through fovea capitis

Question 31

what is shentons line

Answer 31

superior aspect of obturator foramen to inferior aspect of femoral neck

Question 32

what is femoral angle also called

what is it used for

Answer 32

femoral head/neck angle in reference to femoral shaft

coxa vara - <120
coxa valgum - >130

when distal segment moves out it = valgus

Question 33

what is boehlers angle

what is it used for

Answer 33

angle with lines drawn from superior aspects of the anterior and posterior calcaneus

indicates fracture < 20*

normal 20-40*

Question 34

retropharyngeal space

Answer 34

< 7 mm

Question 35

retrolaryngeal space

Answer 35

<14

Question 36

retrotracheal space

Answer 36

<22 mm

Question 37

where is retrotracheal space located

Answer 37

C6- cricoid cartilage

Question 38

ADI in child and adult

Answer 38

<5 child

<3 adult

Question 39

coracoclavicular space

Answer 39

normal 4-5 mm

sprain 6-8 mm

operation >9mm

Question 40

what is Fergusons angle

what’s normal

Answer 40

Fergusons angle - lumbosacral angle

normal 10-15*

(make sure < 35-45*)