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Part 2 Boards > Public Health > Flashcards

Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

study of disease in population groups

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

number of new cases of disease

A

incidence

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3
Q

number of people with disease

A

morbidity (aka prevalence)

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4
Q

number of people who died

A

mortality

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5
Q

prevalence and incidence

A

frequency

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6
Q

exposed risk versus unexposed risk

A

risk ratio (aka relative risk)

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7
Q

the disease rate in exposed subjects

A

attributable risk

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8
Q

length of time from exposure to expression of disease

A

incubation

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9
Q

strength of disease

A

virulence

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10
Q

ability to defend the body form invasion

A

immunity

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11
Q

a distinct group of people that have something in common

A

cohort

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12
Q

what are the alcoholic questions

A

CAGE

cut down
annoyed
guilty
eye opener

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13
Q

social learning includes

A 
behaviors 
determinism 
expectation 
self efficacy 
observational learning 
reinforcement
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14
Q

community organization theory includes

A

empowerment, competence, participation, issue selection, critical consciousness

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15
Q

what is the change theory

A

awareness
action/adoption
implementation
instititionalalization of change

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16
Q

theory that discusses new ideas and choices

A

innovation theory

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17
Q

the way of living, values, beliefs, standards, and patterns

A

culture

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18
Q

what is western medicine

A

meliorism - to improve
activisim - to do something
dominance - control nature
standaradize - treat same with culture blindness

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19
Q

form of reasoning in which conclusions are formulated about particulars from general or universal premises

A

deductive

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20
Q

average number of times in multiple testing that one expects to obtain a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed

A

E value

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21
Q

form of reasoning in which a generalized conclusion is formulated from a particular instance

A

Inductive

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22
Q

average score within distribution

A

mean

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23
Q

measure of variation that indicates average deviation of scores in a distribution

A

mean deviation

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24
Q

center score in a distribution

A

median

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25
Q

most frequent score in a distribution

A

mode

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26
Q

value of statistical significance of testing

A

P value

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27
Q

gold standard in research

A

RCT

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28
Q

compare to past evaluation

A

retrospective

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29
Q

measure of variation that indicates typical distance between score of a distribution

A

standard deviation

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30
Q

degree to which a study accurately reflects or assess specific concept that researcher is attempting to measure

A

validity

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31
Q

what is “ healthy people”

A

organized national approach to public health planning

started in 1979

467 objectives

individual health is inseparable from the larger community health

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32
Q

what is the vision of 2020

A

live long happy lives and focus on priorities, awareness, measure actions

YPLL - years potential life lost

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33
Q

what is the WHO

world, federal, or state?

A

world health organization

coordinates efforts to improve health throughout world

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34
Q

what is the APHA

world, federal, or state?

A

American public health association

largest most diverse public health organization of health professionals in the world

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35
Q

what is the USPHS

world, federal, or state?

A

United States public health service

national public health agency

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36
Q

what is the CDC

world, federal, or state?

A

epidemiological studies

research in disease and prevention

37
Q

what is the ATSDR

world, federal, or state?

A

agency for toxic substance and disease registry

reviews reports of all public health assessment before information is disclosed to the public

38
Q

what is the NPL

world, federal, or state?

A

national priorities list

special US EPA list of nation hazardous waste sites

39
Q

what is the NIOSH

world, federal, or state?

A

national institute for occupational safety and health

department of health and human services - researches a creates occupational laws

40
Q

what is the DOH

A

department of health

41
Q

what is the EPA

A

environmental protection agency

42
Q

what is the PHD

A

public health department

43
Q

what is the DEP

A

department of environmental protection

44
Q

what is the OSHA

A

occupational safety and health administration

enforce laws in the workplace

45
Q

who is OSHA run by

A

department of labor

46
Q

activity level should consist of what

A

aerobic 30 minutes daily

vigorous 20 minutes 3x week

47
Q

what is primary prevention

A

prevention of occurrence of incidence of illness or injury

48
Q

what is secondary prevention

A

prevention of disease or injury progression

49
Q

what is tertiary prevention

A

prevention of permanent disability or death due to illness or injury

50
Q

what is the chiropractic wellness model

A

manual procedures to promote illness
screen for risk factors
health behavior counseling

51
Q

arthritis affects what % of Americans and MC form

A

25%

OA

52
Q

what affects the top 3 killers in America

A

hypertension

heart, cancer, stroke

53
Q

how many people are overweight

A

> 1 billion in the world

54
Q

what does tobacco cause to

in utero 
adults 
risk 
pregnant
diseases
A 
in utero - premature or still born 
adults - CVD 
risk - normal after 15 yrs cessation 
pregnant - 15-17 yr old MC 
diseases - COPD, small cell cancer, stroke, GRAVES, DM
55
Q

how many deaths per year

A

37 billion annually

56
Q

spouses and exspouses kill by __

A

guns

57
Q

boyfriend killed by __

A

knives

58
Q

girlfriends killed by __

A

force

59
Q

__ % are female victims

__% are male attackers

A

75%

75%

60
Q

hate crimes were mostly associated with what

A

religion 66%

61
Q

what are the leading health indicators

A 
physical activity 
obesity 
tobacco 
substance abuse 
sexual behavior 
mental health 
injury 
environment 
access to health
62
Q

smog usually causes what

A

low level ozone

63
Q

what’s found in soil which causes cancer if inhaled

A

radon

64
Q

what is the process of increasing oxygen saturation of water

A

aeration

65
Q

what are hard water contaminants that increase heart disease

A

Mg

Ca

66
Q

what are essentially lined garbage dumps to reduce water pollution

A

secure landfills

67
Q

what type of waste is used to make energy

A

combustible waste

68
Q

what are the hazardous wastes on the F, P, and U lists

A

F - solvents
P - discarded chemicals
U - unused chemicals

69
Q

what wastes are acids and bases that can eat metal and fatal if ingested

A

corrosive waste

70
Q

what wastes are unstable and can explode or ignite

A

reactive waste

71
Q

what are the different forms of sewage treatments

A

primary treatment - screens and filters sedimentation - anaerobic bacteria

secondary treatment - trickles through a bed of stones - aerobic bacteria for sludge - aeration to oxidize

tertiary treatment - added filters, chemicals, or chlorination

72
Q

what water sewage treatment removes the most solids

A

primary - 60%

secondary - 90%

73
Q

what is the term that means what’s left as suspended solid after the primary filtering process?

these solids can be used for what

A

effluent

bio-solids –> fertilizers

74
Q

what are the different stages of secondary sewage treatment

A

flocculation - clarify water by removing turbidity - coagulated clumps are filtered out by filters

deflocculation - prevents coagulation and clumping - dispense particles

bioremediation - microbes to break down pollutants - pseudomonas and bacillus MC

75
Q

what diseases are transmitted through the air

A

TB, SARs, legionairs, anthrax, influenza

76
Q

what disease are transmitted through food and water

A 
giardiasis 
cholera 
parasites 
staph 
botulism 
cryptosporidium
77
Q

what are the vectors for

malaria 
plague 
lymes 
west nile virus 
rabies
A

malaria - anopheles mosquito - plasmodium parasite

plague - fleas - yersinia pestis

lymes - deer tick

west nile virus - mosquito

rabies - animals

78
Q

what infectious diseases can effect in utero or perinatal

A

TORCHS

toxoplasmosis 
other (HIV, varicella)
rubella 
cytomegalovirus 
herpes simplex 
syphilis
79
Q

what are artificially acquired adaptive immunity

A

vaccination

80
Q

what is the number one reason for hospital admissions

A

mental illness

81
Q

what is the most common barrier of mental illness

A

shame

82
Q

ratio of depression for men and women

A

1: 4 women
1: 10 men

83
Q

suicide is the __ leading cause of death in the ages of ___

A

3rd

15-25 yrs old

84
Q

what is the most common form of OCD

A

fear of dirt and germs

85
Q

substance abuse costs society over __ annually

A

500 billion

86
Q

what is the most common psychoactive drug in the US

A

alcohol

MC in 21-25 yr old

87
Q

what is most common illicit drug use

A

marijuanna

88
Q

drug abuse most common in what age

A

18-20 yrs old

Part 2 Boards (34 decks)

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