Lab Exercise 2

Question 1

What is included in the posterior dorsal body cavity?

Answer 1

Includes a cranial cavity containing the brain and a spinal cavity containing the spinal cord.

Question 2

What is included in the anterior ventral body cavity?

Answer 2

Includes the thoracic cavity which is subdivided into a mediastinum containing primarily the heart, esophagus., lungs, and trachea with the longs located on either side of the mediastinum. Also included is the abdominal pelvic cavity composed of an abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Question 3

What is the main function of the diaphragm?

Answer 3

Seperates thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 4

What are the smaller cavities within the head?

Answer 4

Oral Cavity, Nasal Cavity with connected sinuses, Orbital Cavity, Middle Ear Cavity.

Question 5

What is stored in the orbital cavity?

Answer 5

Houses eye and associated structures.

Question 6

What is stored in the middle ear cavity also known as tympanic cavity?

Answer 6

air filled and contains auditory ossicles.

Question 7

What are serous membranes?

Answer 7

Composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called mesothelium (supported by connective tissue)

Line cavities that do not open to the outside and cover organs located within those cavities
HAVE TWO LAYERS.

Question 8

What are the two layers of serous membranes?

Answer 8

Visceral and Parietal.

Question 9

Define visceral:

Answer 9

inner layer that covers internal organs

Question 10

Define Parietal

Answer 10

Outer layer that lines body cavity wall`

Question 11

What is parietal pleura?

Answer 11

It lines the outer cavity containing the lung.

Question 12

What is visceral pleura?

Answer 12

Inner layer of plueral cavity, covers the lung.

Question 13

What is the plueral cavity?

Answer 13

Space between visceral pluera and parietal pluera.

Question 14

What is the parietal pericardium?

Answer 14

Outer layer of the pericardial cavity, attaches to the sternum and diaphragm.

Question 15

What is the visceral pericardium?

Answer 15

Inner layer of the pericardial cavity. It covers the heart.

Question 16

What is the pericardial cavity?

Answer 16

The space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium.

Question 17

What is the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 17

The inner layer of the abdominal cavity, it covers the organs.

Question 18

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 18

The outer layer of the abdominal cavity, it lines the cavity wall.

Question 19

Name the system:
Protection
Consists of skin - composed of epidermis and dermis.
Accessory organs - such as hair and nails.

Answer 19

Inaugmentary system.

Question 20

Name the system:
Support and protection.
Consists of:
Bones - in head, torso, and limbs.

Answer 20

Skeletal System.

Question 21

Name the system: 
Movement. 
Consists of: 
Skeletal muscles - allows voluntary movements 
Tendons - Connect muscles to bones

Answer 21

Muscular System

Question 22

Name the system:
Detects changes, interprets sensory information; stimulates muscles and glands.
Consists of:
Brain - Within cranial cavity
Spinal Cord - extends through vertebral canal
Nerves - conduct impulses into and from the brain.

Answer 22

Nervous System

Question 23

Name the system:
Secretes hormones.
Consists of:
Pituitary gland - attached to base of the brain.
Thyroid Gland - anterior neck; inferior to larynx
Parathyroid Glands - four glands; embedded on the posterior thyroid gland.
Adrenal Glands - located superior to kidneys
Pancreas - Most in LUQ; influence blood sugar.
Ovaries - in females, produce reproductive hormones.
Testes - in males; Produce testosterone
Pineal Gland - Small gland within the brain
Thymus - Within mediastinum

Answer 23

Endocrine System.

Question 24

Name the system: 
Transports gases, nutrients and wastes. 
Consists of: 
Heart - muscular pump for blood
Arteries - Transports blood away from heart
Veins - Transports blood back to heart

Answer 24

Cardiovascular System.

Question 25

Name the system: Produces and houses immune cells and returns tissue fluid to blood. Consists of: Lymphamatic Vessels - Carry lymph fluid Lymph Nodes - along lymphamatic vessels; contain leukocytes that help fight infections Thymus - Within mediastinum. Spleen - Large organ with LUQ

Answer 25

Lymphamatic System.

Question 26

Name the system: gas exchange between air and blood. Consists of: Nasal Cavity - Superior to mouth cavity Pharynx - Passage for air superior to larynx Larynx - Anterior neck - Houses Spinal Cord Trachea - Tube between Larynx and Bronchi Bronchi - airway tubes within lungs. Lungs - Large organs within the thoracic cavity.

Answer 26

Respitatory System.

Question 27

Name the system: Food breakdown and absorption. Mouth - Contains tongue and teeth. Tongue - For food manipulation. Teeth - For biting and chewing food. Salivary Glands - Secrete Saliva into the mouth. Pharynx - Passage way for food superior to esophagus Esophagus - Tube from Pharynx to Stomach Stomach - Between esophagus and small intestine in LUQ Liver - Produces bile in RUQ Gallbladder - Stores bile; in RUQ Pancreas - produces digestive enzymes; most in LUQ Small intestines - Tube from stomach to large intestine Large Instestines - Tube from small intestines to anus

Answer 27

Digestive System

Question 28

Name the System: Removes liquids and wastes from blood. Consists of: Kidneys - Two large organs in upper abdominopelvic cavity. Ureters - tubes from kidney to urinary bladder. Urinary Bladder - Pelvic organ; stores urine. Urethra - Tube from urinary bladder to external opening.

Answer 28

Urinary System

Question 29

``` Name the System: Sperm Production, Consists of: Scrotum - Encloses Testes Testes - Produces sperm and hormones Penis - External reproductive organ Urethra - Transports semen and urine. ```

Answer 29

Male Reproductive System.

Question 30

Name the System: Egg Production and fetal development Consists of: Ovaries - Produce eggs Uterus - Muscular organ in pelvis; Structure for fetal development. Uterine Tubes - (oviducts; falliopian tubes) Transports eggs Vagina - Tube from uterus to external opening.

Answer 30

Female Reproductive System.

Question 31

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 31

Anterior (or ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.

Question 32

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.

Answer 32

Anterior or Ventral

Question 33

Posterior (or dorsal)

Answer 33

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.

Question 34

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.

Answer 34

Posterior or Dorsal

Question 35

Superior (or cranial)

Answer 35

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris

Question 36

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.

Answer 36

Superior or Cranial

Question 37

Inferior (or caudal)

Answer 37

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

Question 38

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail

Answer 38

Inferior (or caudal) | (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

Question 39

Lateral

Answer 39

Lateral describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits.

Question 40

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body.

Answer 40

Lateral

Question 41

Medial.

Answer 41

Medial describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe.

Question 42

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body.

Answer 42

Medial

Question 43

Proximal

Answer 43

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium

Question 44

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

Answer 44

Proximal

Question 45

Distal

Answer 45

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur

Question 46

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

Answer 46

Distal. The crus is | distal to the femur

Question 47

Superficial

Answer 47

Superficial describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones

Question 48

describes a position closer to the surface of the body.

Answer 48

Superficial. The skin is superficial to the bones

Question 49

______ is the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body it is called the midsagittal or median plane.

Answer 49

Sagittal.

Question 50

____ is the plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion.

Answer 50

Frontal

Question 51

________ is the plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions.

Answer 51

Transverse.

Question 52

Head :

Answer 52

Cephalic

Question 53

Nose :

Answer 53

Nasal

Question 54

Eye :

Answer 54

Orbital

Question 55

Mouth :

Answer 55

Oral

Question 56

Neck :

Answer 56

Cervical

Question 57

Shoudler :

Answer 57

Acromial

Question 58

Chest :

Answer 58

Pectoral

Question 59

Armpit :

Answer 59

Axillary

Question 60

Breast

Answer 60

Mammary

Question 61

Arm

Answer 61

Brachial

Question 62

Anterior Elbow

Answer 62

Antecubital

Question 63

Wrist

Answer 63

Carpal

Question 64

Palm

Answer 64

Palmar

Question 65

Finger or toe

Answer 65

Digital

Question 66

Groin

Answer 66

Inguinal

Question 67

Thigh

Answer 67

Femoral

Question 68

Reproductive

Answer 68

Genital

Question 69

Anterior Knee

Answer 69

patellar

Question 70

Leg

Answer 70

Crural

Question 71

Ankle

Answer 71

Tarsal

Question 72

Foot

Answer 72

Pedal

Question 73

Cheek

Answer 73

Buccal

Question 74

Chin

Answer 74

Mental

Question 75

Middle thorax

Answer 75

Sternal

Question 76

Navel

Answer 76

Umblical

Question 77

Hip

Answer 77

Coxal

Question 78

Hand

Answer 78

Manus

Question 79

Lateral leg

Answer 79

Fibular

Question 80

Ear

Answer 80

Otic

Question 81

Back of head

Answer 81

Occipital

Question 82

Back

Answer 82

Dorsum

Question 83

Elbow

Answer 83

Cubital

Question 84

Loin

Answer 84

Lumbar

Question 85

Between Hips

Answer 85

Sacral

Question 86

Buttocks

Answer 86

Gluteal

Question 87

Between anus and genital

Answer 87

Perineal

Question 88

Thigh

Answer 88

Femoral

Question 89

Calf

Answer 89

Sural

Question 90

Back of knees

Answer 90

Popliteal

Question 91

Heel

Answer 91

Calcaneal

Question 92

Sole of foot

Answer 92

Plantar