Lab Exercise 5 : Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
What parts of the cell can easily be viewed with a compound microscope?
Plasma cell membrane, nucleus & the cytoplasm.
What is the cytoplasm made of?
Clear jelly like fluid called the cytosol and numerous cytoplasmic organelles
What does the plasma membrane represent?
The selectively permeable boundary of a cell that controls what substances are allowed to enter or exit.
What is the plasma membrane made of?
Phospholipids that form a bilayer with their nonpolar fatty acid tails facing one another in the center, with their polar heads facing the water in the ECF/ICF.
What is the job of the microvilli?
They increase the surface area.
What is the job of the cilia on the plasma membrane?
They assist in the movement of substances.
What is the job of flagella on the cell membrane?
They are involved in cell motility.
What purpose does cholestrol embedded on the plasma membrane serve?
Helps provide structural integrity.
What purpose do glycolipids and glycoproteins serve?
They contribute to glycalyx - the cell identity maker.
What processes are considered passive?
Diffusion, osmosis, hydrostatic pressure.
What processes are considered active?
Active Transport, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis.
What is the boundary of the nucleus?
The nuclear envelope, which has nuclear pores allowing the passage of genetic information.
What is chromatin?
Located inside of nucleus. Looks like fine strands, contains DNA as well as structural and regulatory proteins.
Why is the nucleus referred to as the control center of the brain?
Because it contains the genetic material required for cell divison.
What is the nucleolus?
Non membranous structure. Composed of RNA and protein. Location of ribsome factory.
What is the job of rough ER?
Synthesizing proteins.
What is the job of smooth ER?
Involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the job of ribosome?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins located free floating or attached to ER.
What is the job of the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration and production of ATP.
What are the functions of lysosome?
Are membranous sacs that digest worn out cell parts.
What are the functions of vesicles?
membranous sacs produced by the cell that contain substances for storage or transport. They form from pinching off pieces from the plasma membrane.
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Supporting cellular structures and cellular movements?
Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within nucleus.
Chromatin.
Location of ATP production for cellular energy.
Mitochondrion
