Lab Exercise 19 : Joint Structure

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

Joints are junctions between bones.

Question 2

What are joints classified by?

Answer 2

They can be classified by the type of tissue that binds the bones together as well as the types of movements

Question 3

What are the three structural classifications?

Answer 3

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints

Question 4

What is the fibrous joint made of?

Answer 4

Fibrous joints are filled with dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 5

What is the cartilaginous joints made of?

Answer 5

Consist of two bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Question 6

What is the synovial joints made of?

Answer 6

Synovial joints contain synovial fluid inside a joint cavity.

Question 7

What does synarthrosis mean?

Answer 7

Synarthrosis describes a joint that is immoveable.

Question 8

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

Answer 8

Amphiarthrosis describes a joint that allows slight movement.

Question 9

What does diarthrosis mean?

Answer 9

Diarthrosis describes a joint that allows free movements.

Question 10

What is the cause of movements at synovial joints?

Answer 10

Movements occurring at freely moveable synovial joints are due to the contractions of skeletal muscles.

Question 11

Where do joints form?

Answer 11

Joints form where bones come together or articulate with one another.

Question 12

Joints can be temporary. True or False?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What makes a joint turn into solid bone?

Answer 13

Some joints are temporary. When complete ossification occurs the the entire joint becomes bone.

Question 14

What is an example of a temporary joint?

Answer 14

Examples of a temporary joint is the right and left frontal lobe becoming a single frontal lobe.

Question 15

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 15

Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis .

Question 16

What are the structural features of suture joints? (What are they made of)

Answer 16

Sutures are made of dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 17

What are the functional classifications/movements of suture joints?

Answer 17

Suture joints exhibit synarthrosis meaning they are completely immoveable.

Question 18

Where are suture joints located?

Answer 18

Suture joints are located within the sutures of the skull.

Question 19

What are the structural features of gomphosis? (What are is it made of)

Answer 19

It is a fibrous joint. Periodontal ligament

Question 20

What are the functional classifications/movement of gomphosis joints?

Answer 20

Gomphosis joints are synarthrosis joints meaning they are immoveable.

Question 21

Where are gomphosis joints located?

Answer 21

They are located within the tooth sockets.

Question 22

What are the structural features of syndesmoses joints?

Answer 22

They are a fibrous joint made of dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 23

What are the functional classifications/movement of syndesmoses joints?

Answer 23

Syndesmoses joints are amphiarthrosis joints meaning they allow some movements.

Question 24

Where are syndesmoses joints?

Answer 24

Tibiofibular joint.

Question 25

What are the two types of cartilagenous joints

Answer 25

Synchondrosis and symphysis joints.

Question 26

What are the structural features of synchondroses joints?

Answer 26

It is a cartilaginous joint, made of hyaline cartilage.

Question 27

What are the functional classifications/movements of synchondrosis joints?

Answer 27

Syndochondrosis joints are synthrosis joints, meaning immoveable.

Question 28

Location of synchondrosis joints?

Answer 28

Synchondrosis joints are located in epiphyseal plates.

Question 29

What are the structural features of symphysis joints?

Answer 29

Symphysis joints are cartilaginous joints made of fibrocartilage.

Question 30

What are the functional classifications (Movements) of symphysis joints?

Answer 30

Symphysis are amphiarthrosis joints meaning they are slightly moveable.

Question 31

Location of symphysis joints

Answer 31

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 32

What are the structural features of plane joints?

Answer 32

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 33

What are the functional movements and classifications of plane joints?

Answer 33

Plane joints are diarthroses meaning they allow free movement. Uniaxial, flexion and extension.

Question 34

Location of plane joints

Answer 34

Intercarpal, intertarsal, knee (between patella and femur)

Question 35

What are the structural features of hinge joints?

Answer 35

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 36

What are the functional movements of hinge joints?

Answer 36

Hinge joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movemnents. Uniaxial, flexion and extension.

Question 37

Location of hinge joints

Answer 37

Elbow, knee, interphalangeal

Question 38

What are the structural features of pivot joints

Answer 38

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 39

What are the functional classifications of pivot joints

Answer 39

Pivot joints are diarthrosis joints menaing they allow free movement. Uniaxial; rotation.

Question 40

Locations of pivot joijnts

Answer 40

Radioulnar at elbow, dens at atlas

Question 41

What are the structural classifications of condylar joints

Answer 41

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 42

What are the functional classifications of condylar joints?

Answer 42

Condylar are diarthrosis jonts meaning they allow free movement. Biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 43

Location of condylar joints

Answer 43

Radiocarpal Metacarpophalangeal knee between femus and tibia when flexed

Question 44

What are the structural features of saddle joints

Answer 44

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 45

What are the functions of saddle joints

Answer 45

Saddle joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movement. Biaxial, variety of movements mainly in two planes/

Question 46

Location of saddle joint

Answer 46

Base of thumb with trapezium

Question 47

What are the structural features of ball and socket joints

Answer 47

All synvovial joints contain articular cartilage, a synovial membrane, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Question 48

What are the functional features of ball and socket joints

Answer 48

Ball and socket joints are diarthrosis joints meaning they allow free movement. Multiaxial movements in all planes

Question 49

Location of ball and socket joint

Answer 49

Hip and shoulder

Question 50

What are uniaxial movements ?

Answer 50

Movements in a single plane

Question 51

What are biaxial movements

Answer 51

Move in two planes on axes

Question 52

What are the multiaxial joints?

Answer 52

Multiaxial joints move in multiple planes in multiple planes on axes

Question 53

What is the articular capsule of synovial joint composed of?

Answer 53

Two layers, an outer fibrous capsule and a inner synovial membrane

Question 54

What is the fibrous capsule composed of?

Answer 54

The fibrous capsule is composed of dense connective tissue that is continous with the periosteum of the bone.

Question 55

What is the synovial membrane?

Answer 55

The synovial membrane secretes a lubricating fluid that fills the enclosed cavity

Question 56

What does the articular cartilage do in synovial joints?

Answer 56

Articular hylaine cartilage covers the surface of the bone within the joint.

Question 57

What are mensci?

Answer 57

In the knee - two crescent shaped mensci extend partway across the joint from the medial and lateral sides.

Question 58

What does the mensci do?

Answer 58

The mensci will stabilize the knee joint where a great amount of pressure occurs and it also helps to absorb shock.

Question 59

What is the condylar component of knee?

Answer 59

The condylar component of the knee joint allows some limited rotation between the articulation of the rounded condyles of the femur and tibia when the knee is in the flexed position.

Question 60

What is the plane joint of the knee?

Answer 60

The plane joint between the patellar surface of the femur and the patella. Allows some sliding movements.

Question 61

What is the PCL ligament?

Answer 61

Posterior cruciate ligament. It helps to prevent excessive flexion.

Question 62

What is the ACL ligament?

Answer 62

The ACL ligament helps prevent hyper extension of the knee joint. A torn ACL is a common type of knee injury.