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Anatomy > blood part 2 white blood cells > Flashcards

blood part 2 white blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytes make up how much of blood volume

A

less than 1%

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2
Q

diapedesis

A

how leukocytes leave capillaries

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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC count over 11,000

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4
Q

Granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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5
Q

Granulocytes description

A

Cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright’s stain
Larger and shorter-lived than RBCs
Lobed nuclei
Phagocytic

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6
Q

Neutrophils

A 
Most numerous WBCs
crazy shaped nuclei
Fine granules
lilac color
Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins 
Very phagocytic
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7
Q

Eosinophils

A

Bilobed nuclei (earmuffs)
Red to crimson lysosome-like granules
Digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized
Modulators of the immune response

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8
Q

Basophils

A

Rarest WBCs
Large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules contain histamine
similar to mastcells

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9
Q

Histamine

A

an inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs to inflamed sites

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10
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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11
Q

Agranulocytes description

A

no granules

Have spherical or kidney-shaped nuclei

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm (mostly nucleus)
Mostly in lymphoid tissue; few circulate in the blood
Crucial to immunity

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13
Q

Lymphocytes two types

A

t cells

b cells

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14
Q

T cells

A

act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

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15
Q

B cells

A

give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

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16
Q

Monocytes

A

The largest leukocytes
Abundant pale-blue cytoplasm
Dark purple-staining, U- or kidney-shaped nuclei

17
Q

Monocyte functions

A

Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages
Actively phagocytic cells; crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections
Activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response

18
Q

monocytosis

A

abnormally high number of monocytes

19
Q

monocytosis causes

A

stress, inflamation, severe infection

20
Q

monocytopenia

A

abnormally low levels of monocytes

21
Q

monocytopenia causes

A

aplastic anemia, HIV, lupus, damaged bone marrow, cancer treatments

22
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Production of WBCs

Stimulated by chemical messengers from bone marrow and mature WBCs

23
Q

leukopoiesis chemical messengers

A

Interleukins

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) named for the WBC type they stimulate

24
Q

All leukocytes originate from

A

hemocytoblasts

25
Q

how leukocytes differentiate (the paths)

A

start with menocytoblast
then go to myloid stem cell or lymphiod stem cell
after myloid makes either eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, or monocytes
after lymphoid stem cells make lymphocytes

26
Q

Leukopenia

A

Abnormally low WBC count—drug induced

27
Q

Leukemias

A

Cancerous conditions involving WBCs

28
Q

Leukemias naming

A

Named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved

Myelocytic leukemia involves myeloblasts

29
Q

acute leukemia

A

involves blast-type cells and primarily affects children

30
Q

chronic leukemia

A

is more prevalent in older people

31
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of megakaryocytes
Formation is regulated by thrombopoietin
Blue-staining outer region, purple granules
Granules contain serotonin, Ca2+, enzymes, ADP, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

32
Q

platelet functions

A

Form a temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels

33
Q

Circulating platelets are kept inactive and mobile by

A

NO (nitrogenous oxide) and prostacyclin from endothelial cells of blood vessels

34
Q

Increase in eosinophilias can indicate

A

Infection by parasitic worms, autoimmune disease

35
Q

Increase in neutrophils can indicate

A

Bacterial infection
Pyogenic infections
Heart attack

36
Q

Low basophils count can indicate

A

Allergic reaction

37
Q

High basophils count can indicate

A

Blood cancer

Mediate inflammatory response

38
Q

High number of lymphocytes can indicate

A

Inflammatory response
Infection
Virus and tumor cells

39
Q

Increased number of monocytes Indicates

A

Chronic infections
Bacterial viruses
Parasitic bacteria

Anatomy (29 decks)

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