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Anatomy > circulation part one > Flashcards

circulation part one Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is wrapped in what

A

fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

pericardium

A

Protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling

2 layers

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3
Q

what are the two layers of the pericaridum

A 
Parietal layer lines the internal surface 
Visceral layer (epicardium) on external surface of the heart
Separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity (decreases friction)
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4
Q

layers of heart wall

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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5
Q

Epicardium

A

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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6
Q

myocardium

A

Spiral bundles of cardiac muscle cells

Fibrous skeleton of the hear made of crisscrossing connective tissue

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7
Q

myocardium function

A

Anchors cardiac muscle fibers
Supports great vessels and valves
Limits spread of action potentials to specific paths

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8
Q

endocardium

A

intermost layer

continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels

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9
Q

four chambers of the heart

A

two atria and two ventricles

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10
Q

atria separated by

A

interatrial septum

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11
Q

junction between atria and ventricle

A

Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

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12
Q

two ventricles are separated by

A

the interventricular septum

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13
Q

what vessels enter right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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14
Q

what vessels enter left atrium

A

right and left pulmonary viens

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15
Q

what vessels leave the right ventricle

A

pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

what vessels leave the left ventricle

A

aorta

17
Q

The heart is two side by-side pumps, the right side is for

A

pulmonary circuit

Vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

18
Q

The heart is two side by-side pumps, the left side is for

A

Left side is the pump for the systemic circuit

Vessels that carry the blood to and from all body tissues

19
Q

where do all gas exchanges occur

A

the capillary beds

20
Q

pathway of blood through the heart, first pump

A 
right atrium to
tricuspid valve to
right ventricle
to semilunar valve 
to pulmonary trunk 
to pulmonary arteries
to lungs
21
Q

pathway of blood through heart, second pump

A 
lungs to
pulmonary veins to
left atrium to
bicuspid valve to
left ventricle to
aortic semilunar valve to
aorta to 
systemic circulation
22
Q

differences between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

A

Pulmonary circuit is a short, low-pressure circulation

Systemic circuit blood has a lot of resistance

23
Q

circumflex artery location

A

surronds the outside of the heart off of the interventricular artery

24
Q

anterior interventricular artery

A

runs down between the ventricles on the front

25
Q

posterior interventricular artery

A

runs down between the ventricles on the back

26
Q

right marginal artery

A

comes off coronary artery running down the right ventricle

27
Q

right coronary artery

A

between right ventricle and artium

28
Q

left coronary artery

A

between left ventricle and artium

29
Q

ischemia

A

insufficient blood flow to heart muscle , causes angina

30
Q

between right ventricle and artium

A

“tight chest” caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium
Cells are weakened

31
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

heart attack
Prolonged coronary blockage
Areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue

32
Q

what do heart valves do

A

Ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart

33
Q

what do Atrioventricular (AV) valves do

A

Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

34
Q

what does Chordae tendineae do

A

anchor AV valve cusps to papillary muscles to prevent eversion

35
Q

what do semilunar valves do

A

Prevent backflow into the ventricles when ventricles relax

36
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are

A

striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected

37
Q

Intercalated discs

A

junctions between cells anchor cardiac cells

38
Q

Desmosomes

A

prevent cells from separating during contraction

39
Q

Gap junctions

A

allow ions to pass; electrically couple adjacent cells

Anatomy (29 decks)

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