Lecture 3 Anxiety disorders: GAD Flashcards
1
Q
DSM-4 Anxiety Disorders
A
Panic disorder: - unexpected panic attacks - anxiety about having another attack Separation anxiety disorder: - being away from mum Specific phobias - animal, env, injection, blood Social phobia - scared of being negatively evaluated Generalized anxiety disorder - excessive, uncontrollable worry about range of outcomes - can't pinpoint exact fear OCD - obsessions: intrusive thoughts - compulsions: ritualized beh's in response Post-traumatic and acute stress disorders - thoughts, mems of traumatic experiences
2
Q
Obsessive-compulsive + Related disorders
A
- OCD
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Hoarding Disorder
- Trichotillomania (hair pulling)
- Excoriation (skin picking)
3
Q
Trauma- and stressor- related disorders
A
- Reactive attachment disorder
- Disinhibited social engagement D
- Postraumatic stress D
- Acute stress D
- Adjustment D (not traumatic, but stressful) (ex. divorce)
4
Q
GAD
A
- don’t know content= thats why hard to treat
- occurs more days than not “what if…”
- for at least 6 months
- at least 3 of 6 somatic symptoms:
- restlessness, fatigue, can’t concentrate, muscle
tension, sleep disturbance– doesn’t include autonomic
symptoms
- restlessness, fatigue, can’t concentrate, muscle
- associated with tension symptoms
5
Q
What is normal worry
A
- more verbal than imagery
- leads to positive outcomes
- motivates action, problem solve
- can control worry by:
- problem solving
- distraction
- social support– reassuring
- ex. eat ice-cream= get it out of mind
6
Q
Avoidance theory
A
- negative event (image)= becomes very aversive= causes anxiety symptoms (which are aversive)
- don’t imagine that much= little anxiety
- worry= cognitive avoidance
- cog. avoidance interferes with emotional processing
- avoidance= increases anxiety, worry
- fear is maintained because you avoid it
7
Q
Experiential avoidance
A
- avoid experience in general
- worry connected with:
- fear of anxiety
- distress intolerance
- worriers avoid internal experiences
- difficulties in emotion regulation
- don’t know how to identify emotion
- tolerate emotion
8
Q
Intolerance of uncertainty theory
A
- don’t like to feel uncertain
- causes stress
- need to be sure– so that they can deal with it
- detailed
- clashes with problem solving
9
Q
Metacognitive theory
A
2 types of worry:
- Type 1 worry:
- feel threat, but have positive beliefs about worry
- Type 2 worry: Metaworry (worrying about worrying ¥)
- oh no why am i worrying, this is bad…)
- high anxiety and worry
10
Q
Changes in DSM-5
A
- Panic disorder
- GAD
- Separation anxiety disorder
- Social phobia
- Specific anxiety
- Agoraphobia
11
Q
Difficulties in treating anxiety disorders
A
- When patient doesn’t wanna leave house– can’t force them to, have to make them look at their own thoughts
- family members– try to protect their children from harm– but in fact need to be exposed to their fears– way to overcome it
- consent problems– when exposed to fear, might change mind, don’t force but go back step
- anxiety= treatable, but GAD difficult
12
Q
5 theories to explain Anxiety disorders
A
- problem solving theory
- avoidance theory (borkovec)
- experiential avoidance (hayes)
- metacognitive theory (wells)
- intolerance of uncertainty theory
13
Q
problem solving theories
A
- worriers try to solve problems
- but hard for them because they go around and around= gets thwarted
- biased threat perception triggers more worries (already problem in the beginning before you even solve problems)
- social problem solving:
1. problem definition
2. generation of alternative solutions
3. solution evaluation (+ / -)
4. solution selection– last 2 stages= problematic in high worriers = can’t choose solution
14
Q
maintenance of Anxiety disorder
A
- avoidance
2. overestimation of likelihood and cost of it happening
