lecture 6

Question 1

ventilatory regulation

Answer 1

bodys ability to maintain constant condiitons evem when the environment is changing = homeostasis

Question 2

homeostatic control systems consist of

Answer 2

• detector senses that send afferent signals to the control centre (brain)
• that responds by sending efferent (motor) signals to effector/target organs

Question 3

ventilaton equation

Answer 3

breathing frequency x tidal volume

Question 4

factors that contributeto ventilation in the body

Answer 4

1- neural factors

2- humoral factors

Question 5

neural factors effectors and sensors

Answer 5

effectors:

• motor signals
• respirtory muscles
  sensors:
• chemoreceptors
• stretch receptors
• baroreceptors
• pain receptors

Question 6

respirtory muscles are under control by

Answer 6

1- inspirtory neurons

2- expirtory neurons

Question 7

inspirtory and expitory neurons functions

Answer 7

• activate the diaphram and external intercoastal muscles (causing the lungs to deflate)
• stretch receptors send afferent signals to the respirotry centre to stimulate expration and inhibit inspiration

Question 8

what regulates ventilation

Answer 8

• hypothalamus - intergrates input from decending neurons in the increased locomotor areas of the cerbral hemisphere and other brain regions
• cerebellum - transports messages
• lungs - contains sensory receptors to initate cough reflex

Question 9

types chemoreceptors

Answer 9

1- central chemoreceptors (medulla) monitors pH and iron concentration of blood
2- peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic arch, cartoid arteries) monitors blood

Question 10

hyperventilaton

Answer 10

reduces alveolar and arterial PC02

- increased diffusion gradient which allows you to hold your breath longer

Question 11

hypoxic blackout

Answer 11

athelete has hyperventilated combining low P02 and low PC02 can cause the athlete to lose conciousness

Question 12

what are the two neurogenic factors that influnce ventilation during exercise

Answer 12

1- cotrical influnce: neural outflow from the motor cortex

2- peripheral influnce: sensory input from limbs

Question 13

3 phases of ventilation during exercise

Answer 13

phase 1: rapid inital increase in ventilation occurs before any chemical stimulation occurs
phase 2: ventilation increases in order to reach a steady state to meet the demands of the body
phase 3: involves fine tuning steady state ventilation