Extracellular Bacteria 2a

Question 1

what recognizes invading extracellular antigens presented by macrophages and DCs?

Answer 1

CD4+ (antigens by MHC I and II)
CD8+ T cells (antigens by MHC I)
CD4+ polarized into Th1,2, 17 Tregs

Question 2

between gram positive and negative bacteria, which one can MACs be established in?

Answer 2

gram negative, not in gram positive because there is no lipid bilayer

Question 3

basic idea behind PRR recognition?

Answer 3

they can be located on the cell surface and intracellularly by TLRs

TLRs
NLRs
CDSs
CLRs
Scavenger receptors
N-Formyl met-leu-phe receptors

Question 4

what are some innate immunity reactions to extracellular bacteria?

Answer 4

defensins
complement pathway and opsonization (alternative, classical, lectin pathways)
MACs (negative gram bacteria, Neisseria)

Question 5

what is the effect of antibody response to bacteria?

Answer 5

neutralization
opsonization and Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis
phagocytosis of C3b coated bacteria
inflammation 
lysis of microbe

Question 6

what are the effects of cytokine mediated antibody responses?

Answer 6

inflammation from IL-17, TNF, cytokines
macrophage activation to phagocytosis via IFN gamma
antibody response from other cytokines

Question 7

what is the effect of the antibody on extracellular bacteria?

Answer 7

block penetration of microbe through epithelial lining
blocks binding of microbe and infection of cells
blocks binding of toxin to cell receptor

Question 8

this type of infection contains viable microbes or microbial products in the blood?

Answer 8

sepsis

Question 9

what are primary cytokine mediators of sepsis? what does this cause?

Answer 9

TNF, IL-6, and IL-1

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Question 10

what are some injurious effects of immune responses to extracellular bacteria?

Answer 10

cross reactive antibodies
rheumatic fever
carditis
immune complex deposition (nephritis)

Question 11

this is when you have crossreactive antibodies to bacterial antigens with self antigens

Answer 11

immunopatholgy

Question 12

pharyngeal infection
group A beta hemolytic strep
bacterial cell wall
M protein

Answer 12

rheumatic fever

Question 13

what are the mechanism of immune evasion by extracellular bacteria?

Answer 13

resistance to phagocytosis
resistance to ROS in phagocytosis
resistance to complement activation
resistance to antimicrobial peptide biotics

Question 14

this organism has resistance to phagocytosis

Answer 14

pneumococci

Question 15

this organism has resistance to ROS in phagocytosis

Answer 15

staphylococci

Question 16

this organism has resistance to complement activation

Answer 16

neisseria

streptococci

Question 17

this organism has resistance to antimicrobial peptide biotics

Answer 17

pseudomonas

Question 18

more examples to the ones already mentioned for bacterial immune evasion?

Answer 18

resist every step (innate and adaptive)
sialic acid- resist complement activation
antigenic variation
antibody against one pilin
LPS and polysaccharides alterations