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Pathophysiology - Final Exam > Renal - PowerPoint/2 > Flashcards

Renal - PowerPoint/2 Flashcards

1
Q

ARF can be caused by

4

A
  1. severe shock
  2. burns
  3. nephrotoxins
  4. acute bilateral kidney infection/inflammation
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2
Q

CKD with low vit D synthesis and hypocalcemia can lead to

A

fractures

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3
Q

AKI maintenance phase - what increase

2

A
  1. serum creatinine

2. blood urea nitrogen

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4
Q

AKI recovery phase - what is common

A

diuresis

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5
Q

CKD acid-base balance

A

metabolic acidosis when GFR 30-40%

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6
Q

AKI recovery phase - what is increased

1

A

creatinine clearance

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7
Q

AKI phase where serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are both increased

A

maintenance

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8
Q

ARF stands for

A

acute renal failure

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9
Q

CKD

A

progressive loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems

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10
Q

AKI postrenal occurs with

A

urinary tract obstructions that affect the kidneys bilaterally

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11
Q

AKI phase where established kidney injury and dysfunction are present

A

maintenance

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12
Q

CKD - sodium and water balance; what diminishes

A

concentration and dilution ability

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13
Q

CKD mod stage

A

GFR 30-59

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14
Q

CKD - what falls

A

GFR falls

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15
Q

clinical sx that point to CKD

4

A
  1. proteinuria
  2. uremia
  3. decreased GFR
  4. increased creatinine in plasma
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16
Q

AKI caused by impaired renal blood flow

A

prerenal

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17
Q

CRF can be caused by

4

A
  1. nephrosclerosis
  2. DM
  3. nephrotoxins
  4. polycystic disease
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18
Q

AKI - postischemic is to

A

ATN intra

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19
Q

CKD neuro sx

3

A
  1. lethargy
  2. seizures
  3. coma
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20
Q

ATN stands for

A

acute tubular necrosis

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21
Q

AKI - occurs with urinary tract obstructions that affect the kidneys bilaterally

A

post renal

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22
Q

CKD stages

5

A
  1. normal
  2. mild
  3. mod
  4. severe
  5. end stage
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23
Q

CKD end stage

A

GFR < 15

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24
Q

AKI prerenal is caused by

A

impaired renal blood flow

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25
Q

CKD severe stage

A

GFR 15-29

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26
Q

CKD potassium balance (tubular)

A

tubular secretion increases early

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27
Q

CKD sodium and water balance

A

sodium excretion increases with water excretion leading to sodium deficit and volume loss

28
Q

AKI phase where urine output is lowest

A

maintenance

29
Q

CKD - decreased renal synthesis of

2

A
  1. vit D

2. hypocalcemia

30
Q

AKI phase where kidney injury is evolving

A

initiation

31
Q

AKI recovery phase - what is declined

2

A
  1. serum creatinine

2. urea

32
Q

CKD - plasma what increases

A

creatinine

33
Q

CKD cardiovascular sx

3

A
  1. HTN
  2. pericarditis
  3. heart failure
34
Q

AKI recovery (polyuric) phase

A

injury repair and normal renal function reestablish

35
Q

CKD skin sx

6

A
  1. pallor
  2. sallow pigmentation
  3. bruising
  4. nail changes
  5. ‘frost’
  6. pruritic
36
Q

CKD metabolism issues

A

abnormal protein, carb, and fat metabolism

37
Q

AKI stands for

A

acute kidney injury

38
Q

AKI intra sx

A

oliguria

39
Q

most common cause of ARF

A

prerenal AKI

40
Q

AKI intrarenal - what is the most common cause of intrarenal renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis ATN

41
Q

CRF early sx

4

A
  1. polyuria w/ dilute urine
  2. anemia
  3. fatigue
  4. HTN
42
Q

CKD urine and blood results

4

A
  1. proteinuria
  2. uremia
  3. creatinine clearance falls
  4. urea clearance falls
43
Q

CKD - alterations are seen in the following systems

9

A
  1. cardiovascular
  2. pulmonary
  3. hematologic
  4. immune
  5. neurologic
  6. GI
  7. endocrine
  8. reproduction
  9. integumentary
44
Q

AKI prerenal GFR

A

GFR declines because of the decrease in filtration pressure

45
Q

progressive loss of renal function that affects nearly all organ systems

A

CKD

46
Q

frost and sallow pigmentation is to

A

CKD

47
Q

AKI initiation phase

2

A
  1. kidney injury is evolving

2. prevention of injury is possible

48
Q

CKD - once oliguria sets in, what is retained

A

potassium

49
Q

CKD proteinuria and uremia due to

A

glomerular hyperfiltration

50
Q

CKD anemia sx

3

A
  1. lethargy
  2. dizziness
  3. low hematocrit
51
Q

CKD mild stage

A

GFR 60-89

52
Q

AKI ATN can be caused by (intra)

2

A
  1. postischemic

2. nephrotoxic

53
Q

AKI prerenal aka

A

ischemia

54
Q

AKI - nephrotoxic is to

A

ATN intra

55
Q

CKD normal stage

A

GFR > 90 mL/min

56
Q

ARF early sx

2

A
  1. oliguria

2. increased serum urea

57
Q

CKD phosphate excretion

A

reduced

58
Q

CKD stands for

A

chronic kidney disease

59
Q 
AKI maintenance (oliguric) phase - there is established what?
2
A
  1. kidney injury

2. dysfunction

60
Q

AKI maintenance phase - what is lowest during this phase

A

urine output

61
Q

AKI can be caused by

A
  1. renal insufficiency
  2. renal failure
  3. end stage renal failure ESRF
62
Q

AKI ATN is to

A

intrarenal

63
Q

AKI phases

3

A
  1. initiation
  2. maintenance (oliguric)
  3. recovery (polyuric)
64
Q

CKD is associated with what sx

3

A
  1. HTN
  2. diabetes
  3. intrinsic kidney disease
65
Q

AKI - GFR declines because of the decrease in filtration pressure is to

A

prerenal

66
Q

AKI prerenal - severe shock causes

A

vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow

Pathophysiology - Final Exam (26 decks)

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