Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology year 2 > Energy Transfer and Nutrient Cycles > Flashcards

Energy Transfer and Nutrient Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

define population?

A

all organisms of single species in habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define community?

A

all organisms of ALL species in habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define habitat?

A

place where organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define niche?

A

role of species in ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define trophic level?

A

each stage of food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

measuring dry biomass?

A
  • sample of biomass warmed on scale until mass remains constant
  • at low temp in oven
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why must temp be low?

A

avoid combustion (loss of biomass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is dry mass a more representative sample?

A

water content in sample varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

units for dry biomass?

A

kJ/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a good indicator of biomass?

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

carbon is how much of biomass?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

units for mass of carbon?

A

Kg/m2/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is calorimetry used for?

A

estimate amount of energy stored in dry biomass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

calculating energy stored in biomass?

A
  • burn sample of biomass
  • heat known vol of water
  • measure temp change of water
  • calc energy rel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define GPP (gross primary productivity)?

A

total amount of energy made by producers

  • per unit area per unit time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define respiratory loss?

A

energy used by organisms for respiration

17
Q

define net primary production?

A

amount of chemical energy a producer stores as biomass

  • per unit area per unit time
18
Q

formula to calc NPP?

A

NPP = GPP - R

19
Q

formula to calc net productivity?

A

N = I - (F + R)

20
Q

natural fertilisers?

A
  • organic comp
  • contain nitrogen and phosphorous
  • still need breaking down by saprobionts
  • slow rel of N and P
    e. g. manure, compost
21
Q

benefits of natural fertilisers?

A
  • aerobic soil
  • less leaching
  • contain wider range of elements
  • consume less energy
22
Q

artificial fertiliser?

A
  • inorganic chemical comp
  • contain N and P - water soluble
  • e.g. ammonium nitrate, urea
23
Q

leaching

A

when soluble comp washed off into waterways by rain

MORE COMMON IN ARTIFICIAL FERTILISERS

24
Q

eutrophication?

A
  • nitrate/phosphate ions leach into fresh water
  • algal bloom
  • blocks out light
  • plants cant photosynthesis - die
  • sapriobionts break down dead plants
  • respire aerobically - use up oxygen
  • fish etc die
25
Q

harvesting crops/livestock?

A
  • remove N and P from cycles
  • soil N and P = depleted
  • add fertiliser to replace N and P
  • too much fert = harmful
  • changes water potential
26
Q

phosphorous cycle?

A
  • inorganic phosphate absorbed by plants (contain ATP etc)
  • animals eat plants to get phosphate (contain ATP, phospholipids = cell memb etc)
  • animals egest / plants and animals die
  • saprobionts - saprobiotic nutrition - return to soil
  • inorganic phosphate in rocks weathered / eroded - return to soil

OR

  • ends up in lakes/ oceans
27
Q

nitrogen cycle 4 main steps

A

nitrogen fixation

ammonification

nitrification

denitrification

28
Q

nitrogen cycle?

A
  • nitrogen gas from atmosphere fixated into plants e.g. legumes/ pea plants
  • by bacteria at root nodules
  • plants and animals die & decompose
  • saprobionts feed on remains of dead plants and animals and waste prod (SAPROBIOTIC NUTRITION)
  • nitrogen containing comp converted into ammonium ions
  • ammonium ions converted into nitrites then nitrates
  • nitrates used by plants
  • nitrates also converted back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria
29
Q

define saprobiotic nutrition?

A

digestion / decay of dead organic matter by extracellular digestion

30
Q

what are sapriobionts?

A

type of decomposers that digest their food by sapriobiotic nutrition

31
Q

what are mycorrhizae?

A

fungi that grow in a mutualistic relationship with plant roots

32
Q

how do plants play a major role in recycling nutrients?

A

break down large organic comp into small inorganic comp

  • absorbed by producers
33
Q

how energy lost from sun to producer?

A
  • wrong wavelength
  • light strikes non photosynthetic region (bark)
  • light reflected
  • lost as heat
34
Q

how energy lost from producer to primary consumer?

A
  • plant uses energy for metabolism (AT)
  • lost as heat
  • not all plant eaten (roots)
  • some food not digested (faeces)
35
Q

how energy lost from primary consumers to secondary consumers?

A
  • energy used for metabolism (muscle contraction)
  • lost as heat
  • not all animal eaten (bones/teeth)
  • some food not digested
36
Q

what is energy transfer especially low for?

A
  • old animals (stopped growing)
  • herbivores (more poo)
  • homotherms/endotherms (warm blooded)

biology year 2 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions