Issues facing the Tsar by the end of the 19th century Flashcards
What was Russia like? What did this mean?
A vast country with a diverse population, so it was very difficult to govern.
How was Russia ruled?
It was an autocracy, ruled by the Tsar who was at the head of a large, unresponsive and inefficient bureaucracy.
How did the Tsar maintain control?
He used repressive measures.
What was necessary for Russia? Why?
Russia needed to modernise and industrialise if it was to compete with the developed countries of Western Europe and maintain its position as a major world power.
What was the issue with modernisation?
The task of modernising Russia was one that even the most able leader would have found difficult.
What was the issue with Nicholas II’s nature?
Nicholas II was not a good leader for these circumstances, he was not able, competent or decisive. He has little idea of the needs of his subjects. He resisted change and tried to preserve as much of autocracy as he could.
What did Sergei Wittered do?
Set in motion a process of modernisation.
What happened to Witte?
He was forced from office by conservative court influences and the problems caused by rapid industrialisation and then recession.
Which groups posed a challenged to the Tsarist government?
The peasants, urban workers, national minorities and the intelligentsia. All these groups had different and specific demands which the Tsar was not willing to accommodate.
