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Science > 7B Reproduction > Flashcards

7B Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Offspring

A

The new organisms produced by reproduction.

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2
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Reproduction that needs two parents to produce offspring.

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3
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

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4
Q

Sperm

A

Gamete that males make

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5
Q

Egg

A

Gamete that females make

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6
Q

Fertilisation

A

Sperm enters an egg cell and nuclei fuse forming a fertilised egg cell.

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7
Q

External Fertilisation

A

The sperm and egg cell meet outside of the body.
e.g. fish

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8
Q

Internal Fertilisation

A

The sperm and egg cell meet inside the body.

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9
Q

What are the key features of external fertilisation?

A

Large numbers of eggs are produced because many get washed away. The parents don’t look after their young.

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10
Q

What are the key features of internal fertilisation

A

Fewer egg cells produced because sperm is more likely to reach egg. The parents usually look after their young.

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11
Q

Testes

A

Where sperm cells are made.

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Bag of skin containing the testes.

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13
Q

Sperm Ducts

A

Sperm travels through here after leaving the testes.

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14
Q

Glands

A

Fluids are added to the sperm- it is now called semen.

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15
Q

Semen

A

Sperm with fluids added

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16
Q

Urethra

A

The tube the semen leaves the body through.

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17
Q

Ovary

A

Where the egg cells develop and are released from.

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18
Q

Oviduct

A

Tube lined with cilia (tiny hairs).

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19
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hairs in the oviduct

20
Q

Uterus

A

Where the baby will develop if the egg is fertilised.

21
Q

Cervix

A

Ring of muscle between uterus and vagina.

22
Q

Vagina

A

Part that leads from the cervix to the outside.

23
Q

Puberty

A

When males start to produce sperm cells and egg cells in female start to mature.

24
Q

Sexual Intercourse

A

The erect penis is inserted into the vagina.

25
Q

Ejaculation

A

Semen is pumped out of the urethra.

26
Q

Route the sperm takes

A

Vagina → sucked up through cervix → uterus → oviduct → meets egg cell

27
Q

Implantation

A

If fertilisation occurs the cell starts to divide forming an embryo which will then sink into the uterus lining. The woman is now pregnant.

28
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A

Watery fluid to protect growing embryo / foetus.

29
Q

Amnion

A

Bag containing the amniotic fluid.

30
Q

Placenta

A

Allows oxygen, food and water to be passed from mother’s blood into embryo’s blood. Waste materials (like carbon dioxide) pass from embryo’s blood into mother’s blood.

31
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

Carries the embryo’s blood to and from the placenta.

32
Q

Gestation Period

A

The time from fertilisation until birth.

33
Q

Foetus

A

When an embryo develops a full set of organs we call it a foetus (around 8 weeks).

34
Q

At what age does an embryo becomes a foetus?

A

Around 8 weeks

35
Q

Ultrasound Scans

A

Produce images of foetus to check for problems.

36
Q

What can cause harm to baby?

A

Alcohol, drugs, cigarette smoke and viruses can pass through placenta and harm foetus.

37
Q

Premature

A

Baby born small and early.

38
Q

Labour

A

The act of giving birth.

39
Q

Stages of Giving Birth

A

contractions start and cervix begins to widen.

amnion breaks and amniotic fluid leaves vagina.

cervix at 10cm, stronger contractions pushes baby through.

Umbilical cord cut.

40
Q

Afterbirth

A

The placenta is passed out of the vagina- end of labour.

41
Q

Mammary Glands

A

Produces milk for babies- contains nutrients and antibodies to protect from disease

42
Q

Sex Hormones

A

Released by brain, tests & ovaries- start puberty.

43
Q

Changes to Boys During Puberty

A

Voice deepens, shoulders widen, hair grows, testes/ penis grow, sperm produced.

44
Q

Changes to Girls During Puberty

A

Breasts develop, hair grows, hips widen, ovaries start to release eggs.

45
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Days 1-5: uterus lining lost from body (menstruation)
Days 6-14: egg cell starts to mature and is released around day 14 (ovulation)
Days 14+: egg cell swept towards uterus, if not fertilised cycle starts again.

46
Q
A

Science (4 decks)

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