7B Reproduction

Question 1

Offspring

Answer 1

The new organisms produced by reproduction.

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 2

Reproduction that needs two parents to produce offspring.

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

Sex cells

Question 4

Sperm

Answer 4

Gamete that males make

Question 5

Egg

Answer 5

Gamete that females make

Question 6

Fertilisation

Answer 6

Sperm enters an egg cell and nuclei fuse forming a fertilised egg cell.

Question 7

External Fertilisation

Answer 7

The sperm and egg cell meet outside of the body.
e.g. fish

Question 8

Internal Fertilisation

Answer 8

The sperm and egg cell meet inside the body.

Question 9

What are the key features of external fertilisation?

Answer 9

Large numbers of eggs are produced because many get washed away. The parents don’t look after their young.

Question 10

What are the key features of internal fertilisation

Answer 10

Fewer egg cells produced because sperm is more likely to reach egg. The parents usually look after their young.

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

Where sperm cells are made.

Question 12

Scrotum

Answer 12

Bag of skin containing the testes.

Question 13

Sperm Ducts

Answer 13

Sperm travels through here after leaving the testes.

Question 14

Glands

Answer 14

Fluids are added to the sperm- it is now called semen.

Question 15

Semen

Answer 15

Sperm with fluids added

Question 16

Urethra

Answer 16

The tube the semen leaves the body through.

Question 17

Ovary

Answer 17

Where the egg cells develop and are released from.

Question 18

Oviduct

Answer 18

Tube lined with cilia (tiny hairs).

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

Tiny hairs in the oviduct

Question 20

Uterus

Answer 20

Where the baby will develop if the egg is fertilised.

Question 21

Cervix

Answer 21

Ring of muscle between uterus and vagina.

Question 22

Vagina

Answer 22

Part that leads from the cervix to the outside.

Question 23

Puberty

Answer 23

When males start to produce sperm cells and egg cells in female start to mature.

Question 24

Sexual Intercourse

Answer 24

The erect penis is inserted into the vagina.

Question 25

Ejaculation

Answer 25

Semen is pumped out of the urethra.

Question 26

Route the sperm takes

Answer 26

Vagina → sucked up through cervix → uterus → oviduct → meets egg cell

Question 27

Implantation

Answer 27

If fertilisation occurs the cell starts to divide forming an embryo which will then sink into the uterus lining. The woman is now pregnant.

Question 28

Amniotic Fluid

Answer 28

Watery fluid to protect growing embryo / foetus.

Question 29

Amnion

Answer 29

Bag containing the amniotic fluid.

Question 30

Placenta

Answer 30

Allows oxygen, food and water to be passed from mother’s blood into embryo’s blood. Waste materials (like carbon dioxide) pass from embryo’s blood into mother’s blood.

Question 31

Umbilical Cord

Answer 31

Carries the embryo’s blood to and from the placenta.

Question 32

Gestation Period

Answer 32

The time from fertilisation until birth.

Question 33

Foetus

Answer 33

When an embryo develops a full set of organs we call it a foetus (around 8 weeks).

Question 34

At what age does an embryo becomes a foetus?

Answer 34

Around 8 weeks

Question 35

Ultrasound Scans

Answer 35

Produce images of foetus to check for problems.

Question 36

What can cause harm to baby?

Answer 36

Alcohol, drugs, cigarette smoke and viruses can pass through placenta and harm foetus.

Question 37

Premature

Answer 37

Baby born small and early.

Question 38

Labour

Answer 38

The act of giving birth.

Question 39

Stages of Giving Birth

Answer 39

contractions start and cervix begins to widen. amnion breaks and amniotic fluid leaves vagina. cervix at 10cm, stronger contractions pushes baby through. Umbilical cord cut.

Question 40

Afterbirth

Answer 40

The placenta is passed out of the vagina- end of labour.

Question 41

Mammary Glands

Answer 41

Produces milk for babies- contains nutrients and antibodies to protect from disease

Question 42

Sex Hormones

Answer 42

Released by brain, tests & ovaries- start puberty.

Question 43

Changes to Boys During Puberty

Answer 43

Voice deepens, shoulders widen, hair grows, testes/ penis grow, sperm produced.

Question 44

Changes to Girls During Puberty

Answer 44

Breasts develop, hair grows, hips widen, ovaries start to release eggs.

Question 45

Menstrual Cycle

Answer 45

Days 1-5: uterus lining lost from body (menstruation) Days 6-14: egg cell starts to mature and is released around day 14 (ovulation) Days 14+: egg cell swept towards uterus, if not fertilised cycle starts again.