7E Mixtures and Separation

Question 1

Mixture

Answer 1

Two or more substances jumbled together but not joined together.

Question 2

Suspension

Answer 2

A mixture of a solid and liquid, where the solid bits are heavy enough to settle out if the mixture is left to stand.

Question 3

Colloid

Answer 3

A mixture of a solid, liquid or gas in a solid, liquid or gas where the substances do not settle out if left to stand.

Question 4

Dispersed

Answer 4

Spread out without settling out, such as the bits in a colloid.

Question 5

Opaque

Answer 5

Cannot be seen through- colloids are opaque / cloudy.

Question 6

Solution

Answer 6

When a substance has dissolved in a liquid.

Question 7

Transparent

Answer 7

Light can pass through and it can be seen through- solutions are transparent.

Question 8

Filter

Answer 8

Something through which a liquid is passed to remove suspended pieces of solid.

Question 9

Solvent

Answer 9

The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution.

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

The substance that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution.

Question 11

Dissolve

Answer 11

When a substance breaks up into such tiny pieces in a liquid that it can no longer be seen and forms a solution.

Question 12

Soluble

Answer 12

Describes a substance that can dissolve in a liquid.

Question 13

Conservation of Mass

Answer 13

The total mass of a solution is the same as the mass of the dissolved substance plus the mass of the liquid at the start.

Question 14

Saturated

Answer 14

A solution that contains so much dissolved solute that no more solute can dissolve in it.

Question 15

Solubility

Answer 15

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a particular solvent at a particular temperature to make a saturated solution.

Question 16

Evaporation

Answer 16

When a liquid changes into a gas. Can be used to separate a liquid from the solid dissolved in it.

Question 17

Sodium Chloride

Answer 17

The scientific name for table salt that we use on our food.

Question 18

Rock Salt

Answer 18

When sodium chloride is found in thick layers of rock underground.

Question 19

Extracting Rock Salt

Answer 19

Can be dug up or mined.
Water can be pumped into layers of salt underground, dissolving the sodium chloride which is then pumped to the surface and heated to evaporate the water, leaving behind sodium chloride.

Question 20

Boiling

Answer 20

When there is liquid turning into a gas in all parts of a liquid- creates bubbles of gas in the liquid.

Question 21

Boiling Point

Answer 21

The temperature at which a liquid boils.

Question 22

Chromatography

Answer 22

Used to separate substances dissolved in a mixture.

Question 23

Paper Chromatography

Answer 23

A concentrated dot of a mixtures is placed at the bottom of special chromatography paper. The bottom of the paper is dipped into a solvent (such as water). As the solvent moves up the paper is carries the dissolved substances.

Question 24

Concentrated

Answer 24

A solution that contains a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of solvent.

Question 25

Chromatogram

Answer 25

The results of chromatography such as a dried piece of paper for paper chromatography showing when the dissolved solids have been separated.

Question 26

How chromatography works

Answer 26

Different substances in a mixture are carried at different speeds, depending on how soluble they are, which separates them out from each other.

Question 27

Desalination

Answer 27

Separating water from the salts in salty/sea water to produce fresh drinking water.

Question 28

Distillation

Answer 28

The process of separating a liquid from a mixture by evaporating the liquid and then condensing it to be collected.

Question 29

Steam

Answer 29

Water as a gas.

Question 30

Condenses

Answer 30

When a substance changes from its gas state into its liquid state.

Question 31

Pure

Answer 31

A single substance that does not have anything else in it. (Pure water only contains water and no dissolved solutes)

Question 32

Solar Still

Answer 32

Energy from the Sun is used to evaporate salty/dirty water which is then condensed, forming pure/clean water.