combustion

Question 1

fuel

Answer 1

A chemical substance from which stored energy can be transferred usefully to make things happen.

Question 2

Fuel Cell

Answer 2

Used in hydrogen-powered vehicles, releasing energy from hydrogen.

Question 3

Fuel Cell Word Equation

Answer 3

Hydrogen + oxygen → water

Question 4

Reactants

Answer 4

The starting substances- on left of word equation.

Question 5

Products

Answer 5

The new substances made- on right of word equation.

Question 6

Combustion

Answer 6

Burning, usually in air. The reaction gives out energy which is transferred to the surroundings by heating or light.

Question 7

Fossil Fuels

Answer 7

Fuels formed from living organisms that died millions of years ago- petrol, diesel

Question 8

Hydrocarbons

Answer 8

Only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms- petrol, diesel

Question 9

Combustion of Hydrocarbons

Answer 9

The carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen. The carbon reacts to form carbon dioxide.

Question 10

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide will turn limewater cloudy.

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

Reacting with oxygen.

Question 12

Oxide

Answer 12

Compound formed by oxidation.

Question 13

Metal Oxides

Answer 13

Formed when metals react with oxygen.
metal + oxygen → metal oxide

Question 14

Conservation of Mass

Answer 14

Mass is never gained or lost in a chemical reaction. The atoms in reactants just rearrange to form the products, no new atoms are made and none disappear.

Question 15

Heating Zinc in Air

Answer 15

Forms a white powder zinc oxide. The mass will appear to increase because the zinc has combined with the oxygen in air.

Question 16

Gas Products

Answer 16

If the product is a gas it may escape and make it seem like the mass has decreased.

Question 17

Phlogiston

Answer 17

A substance scientists used to think explained why things burned that was then proven not to exist.

Question 18

Exothermic

Answer 18

A reaction that releases energy that we can feel as heat- combustion

Question 19

Thermometer

Answer 19

Used to measure a change in the temperature.

Question 20

Fire Triangle

Answer 20

Three factors allow combustion to
occur.

Question 21

Putting Out a Fire

Answer 21

You must remove at least one of the three factors.

Question 22

Fire Extinguishers

Answer 22

Work by cooling a fire or stopping oxygen getting to the fuel.

Question 23

Oil Fire

Answer 23

Water will sink through the oil and turn to steam making the fire spread out. Use foam or a fire blanket to keep oxygen away.

Question 24

Electrical Fire

Answer 24

Water conducts electricity so you may get a serious shock. Turn off the electricity and use a powder or carbon dioxide extinguisher.

Question 25

Complete Combustion

Answer 25

Carbon burns in plenty of air only forming carbon dioxide.

Question 26

Incomplete Combustion

Answer 26

Not enough oxygen for all the carbon to react with.

Question 27

Products of Incomplete Combustion

Answer 27

carbon dioxide- linked to global warming carbon monoxide- poisonous gas soot- damage lungs and trigger asthma

Question 28

Impurities

Answer 28

Small amounts of other substances in fuels.

Question 29

Sulfur Dioxide

Answer 29

Formed when hydrocarbons have a sulfur impurity.

Question 30

Nitrogen Oxide

Answer 30

Formed by high engine temperatures causing nitrogen and oxygen in air to react.

Question 31

Catalytic Converter

Answer 31

Found in cars to react carbon monoxide with more oxygen forming carbon dioxide. Also breaks down nitrogen oxides.

Question 32

Pollutants

Answer 32

Something that can harm living things and damage the environment.

Question 33

Acid Rain

Answer 33

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides rise into the air and dissolve in water vapour. The rain is now more acidic.

Question 34

Controlling Acid Rain

Answer 34

Neutralisation reactions used to remove acidic gases from chimney smoke. Acidic soil /water can be neutralised by adding calcium carbonate.

Question 35

Greenhouse Gases

Answer 35

Trap energy from the Sun in the atmosphere e.g. carbon dioxide

Question 36

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 36

Energy trapped by greenhouse gases is transferred back to the Earth’s surface causing it to warm up.

Question 37

Earth’s Temperature Over Time

Answer 37

The temperature of the Earth has fluctuated over time it is rising rapidly now though.

Question 38

Global Warming

Answer 38

Increase in global temperature due to more greenhouse gases in the air and the greenhouse effect.

Question 39

Climate Change

Answer 39

Resulting from global warming- changes to weather patterns, more storms, flood, droughts, etc.

Question 40

Evidence

Answer 40

There is now lots of evidence for global warming. average temperatures are increasing and ice caps are melting.