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Science > Muscles and Bones > Flashcards

Muscles and Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Breathing

A

The movement of muscles that allows us to take in and excrete gases.

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Process by which oxygen is used to release energy- produces carbon dioxide.

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3
Q

Gas Exchange

A

One gas is exchanged for another- oxygen goes into the blood, carbon dioxide leaves the blood.

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4
Q

Gas Exchange System

A

The organs that help with breathing / gas exchange- lungs, trachea, diaphragm

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5
Q

Muscle Cell Adaptations

A

Can change shape- contract (become short and fat) and relax (back to original shape)

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6
Q

Inhale

A

Breathing in

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7
Q

Exhale

A

Breathing out

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8
Q

Inhalation

A

The muscles in the diaphragm contract, moving it downwards. Muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the ribs up and out. Lungs increase in size allowing air to flow in.

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9
Q

Exhalation

A

The muscles in the diaphragm relax so it rises. Muscles between the ribs relax, moving the ribs down and in. Lungs decrease in size pushing air out.

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10
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

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11
Q

Breathing Rate

A

Number of times you inhale and exhale in one minute.

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12
Q

Pulse

A

The feeling of the heart beating that can be felt.

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13
Q

Pulse Rate

A

The number of pulse beats you feel in a minute.

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14
Q

How the Heart Pumps Blood

A

Chambers fill with blood and muscle tissue contracts pumping the blood out.

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15
Q

Blood Vessels

A

A tube that carries blood around the body.

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16
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart to capillaries.

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17
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels connecting arteries & veins.

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18
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood from capillaries towards heart.

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19
Q

Plasma

A

Main part of blood- the liquid part.

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20
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Carry oxygen in the blood- haemoglobin in cells carries the oxygen.

21
Q

Red Blood Cell Adaptations

A

No nucleus (more room for haemoglobin). Curved shape increases surface area to take in oxygen quickly.

22
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Fight infections and keep us healthy.

23
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Where red and white blood cells are made.

24
Q

Bone Structure

A

Spongy bone material keeps bones light. Compact bone material is hard and strong. Bone marrow inside bone reduces mass of bone.

25
Q

Skeleton

A

Formed by the bones in the body- allows for support, protection and movement.

26
Q

Backbone

A

Made up of smaller vertebrae- the bodies main support.

27
Q

Skull

A

Made up of 22 bones- protects the brain.

28
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscle to bones.

29
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bones together.

30
Q

Cartilage

A

Slippery tissue on the ends of bones.

31
Q

Flexible Joint

A

Two or more bones meeting that can be moved.

32
Q

Locomotor System

A

The system that allows you to move parts of the body- muscles and bones.

33
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of how muscles and bones work together.

34
Q

Movement

A

Muscles contract and pulls on bone it is attached to.

35
Q

Antagonistic Pairs

A

Pairs of muscles that allow bones to move in two different directions.

36
Q

Impulses

A

Messages sent from brain that tell muscles to contract.

37
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where respiration happens in cells producing energy.

38
Q

Drug

A

Substances which changes the way the body works.

39
Q

Medicine

A

Drugs used to help people with illness/injury.

40
Q

Side-Effects

A

Harmful / unpleasant effects of using drugs.

41
Q

Addictive

A

Feeling of not being able to cope without the drug.

42
Q

Recreational Drugs

A

Drugs taken for pleasure- caffeine nicotine and alcohol are legal recreational drugs.

43
Q

Cannabis

A

Can cause memory loss and mental illness.

44
Q

Ecstasy

A

Can cause mental illness, kidney damage and death.

45
Q

Cocaine

A

Addictive and blocks arteries.

46
Q

Heroin

A

Addictive, collapses veins, causes vomiting & headaches

47
Q

Reaction Time

A

The time taken to respond to a stimulus.

48
Q

Stimulants

A

Decrease your reaction time- impulse carried faster.
e.g. caffeine

49
Q

Depressants

A

Increase your reaction time- impulses carried slower.
e.g. alcohol

Science (4 decks)

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