Muscles and Bones

Question 1

Breathing

Answer 1

The movement of muscles that allows us to take in and excrete gases.

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

Process by which oxygen is used to release energy- produces carbon dioxide.

Question 3

Gas Exchange

Answer 3

One gas is exchanged for another- oxygen goes into the blood, carbon dioxide leaves the blood.

Question 4

Gas Exchange System

Answer 4

The organs that help with breathing / gas exchange- lungs, trachea, diaphragm

Question 5

Muscle Cell Adaptations

Answer 5

Can change shape- contract (become short and fat) and relax (back to original shape)

Question 6

Inhale

Answer 6

Breathing in

Question 7

Exhale

Answer 7

Breathing out

Question 8

Inhalation

Answer 8

The muscles in the diaphragm contract, moving it downwards. Muscles between the ribs contract, pulling the ribs up and out. Lungs increase in size allowing air to flow in.

Question 9

Exhalation

Answer 9

The muscles in the diaphragm relax so it rises. Muscles between the ribs relax, moving the ribs down and in. Lungs decrease in size pushing air out.

Question 10

Ventilation

Answer 10

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 11

Breathing Rate

Answer 11

Number of times you inhale and exhale in one minute.

Question 12

Pulse

Answer 12

The feeling of the heart beating that can be felt.

Question 13

Pulse Rate

Answer 13

The number of pulse beats you feel in a minute.

Question 14

How the Heart Pumps Blood

Answer 14

Chambers fill with blood and muscle tissue contracts pumping the blood out.

Question 15

Blood Vessels

Answer 15

A tube that carries blood around the body.

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

Carry blood away from the heart to capillaries.

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

Tiny blood vessels connecting arteries & veins.

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Carry blood from capillaries towards heart.

Question 19

Plasma

Answer 19

Main part of blood- the liquid part.

Question 20

Red Blood Cells

Answer 20

Carry oxygen in the blood- haemoglobin in cells carries the oxygen.

Question 21

Red Blood Cell Adaptations

Answer 21

No nucleus (more room for haemoglobin). Curved shape increases surface area to take in oxygen quickly.

Question 22

White Blood Cells

Answer 22

Fight infections and keep us healthy.

Question 23

Bone Marrow

Answer 23

Where red and white blood cells are made.

Question 24

Bone Structure

Answer 24

Spongy bone material keeps bones light. Compact bone material is hard and strong. Bone marrow inside bone reduces mass of bone.

Question 25

Skeleton

Answer 25

Formed by the bones in the body- allows for support, protection and movement.

Question 26

Backbone

Answer 26

Made up of smaller vertebrae- the bodies main support.

Question 27

Skull

Answer 27

Made up of 22 bones- protects the brain.

Question 28

Tendons

Answer 28

Connects muscle to bones.

Question 29

Ligaments

Answer 29

Connects bones together.

Question 30

Cartilage

Answer 30

Slippery tissue on the ends of bones.

Question 31

Flexible Joint

Answer 31

Two or more bones meeting that can be moved.

Question 32

Locomotor System

Answer 32

The system that allows you to move parts of the body- muscles and bones.

Question 33

Biomechanics

Answer 33

The study of how muscles and bones work together.

Question 34

Movement

Answer 34

Muscles contract and pulls on bone it is attached to.

Question 35

Antagonistic Pairs

Answer 35

Pairs of muscles that allow bones to move in two different directions.

Question 36

Impulses

Answer 36

Messages sent from brain that tell muscles to contract.

Question 37

Mitochondria

Answer 37

Where respiration happens in cells producing energy.

Question 38

Drug

Answer 38

Substances which changes the way the body works.

Question 39

Medicine

Answer 39

Drugs used to help people with illness/injury.

Question 40

Side-Effects

Answer 40

Harmful / unpleasant effects of using drugs.

Question 41

Addictive

Answer 41

Feeling of not being able to cope without the drug.

Question 42

Recreational Drugs

Answer 42

Drugs taken for pleasure- caffeine nicotine and alcohol are legal recreational drugs.

Question 43

Cannabis

Answer 43

Can cause memory loss and mental illness.

Question 44

Ecstasy

Answer 44

Can cause mental illness, kidney damage and death.

Question 45

Cocaine

Answer 45

Addictive and blocks arteries.

Question 46

Heroin

Answer 46

Addictive, collapses veins, causes vomiting & headaches

Question 47

Reaction Time

Answer 47

The time taken to respond to a stimulus.

Question 48

Stimulants

Answer 48

Decrease your reaction time- impulse carried faster. e.g. caffeine

Question 49

Depressants

Answer 49

Increase your reaction time- impulses carried slower. e.g. alcohol