7th Grade Ch 2- European exploration in Americas

Question 1

vikings

Answer 1

seagoing people who lived in Scandinavia and settled in Newfoundland. Did not survive in America

Question 2

Christopher Columbus

Answer 2

explorer from Italy who sailed for Spain to try and get to Asia by sailing west in 1492

Question 3

Explain story of Columbus

Answer 3

• born in Italy
• moved to portugal
• tried to sail for portugal but was turned down
• sailed for spain
• first voyage- 1492 nina, pinta, santa maria to cuba which was thought to be japan, set up hispanola after santa maria wrecked
• second voyage- 17 ships, hispanola men killed, 12 of 17 ships went back with riches
• third voyage-6 ships, got arrested for poor leadership but soon got released
• fourth voyage-4 ships, banned from Hispanola, got stranded for almost a year
• died thinking he reached asia

Question 4

Vasco nunez de Balboa

Answer 4

first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510

Question 5

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 5

tried to find strait in 1519, sailed around South America and through pacific ocean, killed in philippines, rest of men circumnavigated the globe

Question 6

strait

Answer 6

narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water

Question 7

circumnavigate

Answer 7

travel around

Question 8

columbian exchange

Answer 8

transfer of people, products, and ideas between east and west hemispheres
positive-new food, resources, ideas, animals
negative-diseases

Question 9

how did search for water route affect europe and america

Answer 9

brought them closer together, new ideas though columbian exchange, diseases, trading, land, wealth

Question 10

what are some dangers that happened at sea

Answer 10

sea monster stories
getting lost
starvation
piracy

Question 11

conquistadors

Answer 11

soldier-adventurers from spain who conquered the new world

Question 12

Amerigo vespucci

Answer 12

found out that America was not asia, a mapmaker turned his name into america

Question 13

hernando cortes

Answer 13

conquistador in 1519 who marched straight into tenochtitlan and joined with conquered tribes to take down aztecs by capturing moctezuma, at first didn’t succeed but then recaptured it and built mexico city there in the colony of new spain

Question 14

moctezuma

Answer 14

aztec leader who offered cortes gold to get him to go away but ended up getting taken hostage

Question 15

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 15

conquistador who in marched into the heart of inca empire and took ruler atahualpa prisoner. incas paid big ransom for their leader but pizarro killed him anyway. 1533-conquered incas and captured cuzco

Question 16

list the things that helped the spanish defeat the indians

Answer 16

• technology in weaponry
• horses
• native americans already weak from civil wars

Question 17

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 17

1513- founded la florida because of flowers, first spaniard to set foot in u.s.

Question 18

alvar nunez cabeza de vaca

Answer 18

fought native americans in america, got enslaved by indians, escaped after six years and had to find was back to mexico city

Question 19

Francisco coronado

Answer 19

conquistador set out to find golden city, explored much of new mexico, arizona, texas, kansas

Question 20

hernando de soto

Answer 20

explored much out southeast, found mississippi river, died in louisiana in 1542

Question 21

plantation

Answer 21

large farm worked by laborers who lived on the property

Question 22

encomiendas

Answer 22

land grants that included the right to demand labor of taxes from native americans by spanish government

Question 23

Bartoloe de las casas

Answer 23

priest, traveled through new spain wanting the encomienda system to stop

Question 24

mission

Answer 24

religious settlement

Question 25

list spanish social classes

Answer 25

peninsulares-spanish colonists born in spain creoles- spanish colonists born in new spain mestizos-spanish and indian parents mulattos- spanish and african parents natives and slaves

Question 26

how did spain establish an empire in the americas

Answer 26

they had conquistadors wipe out the natives and then set up plantations with slaves working there. if you couldn't afford plantation, you got an encomienda, land grant

Question 27

how was church of england established

Answer 27

time of catholics and protestants henry VIII was married to catherine of aragon. when they did not give birth to a son, henry wanted to get a diverse but the pope refused to henry established the church of england

Question 28

what are the religious tensions created by the reformation

Answer 28

- wars with sifting alliances - unwilling to trade with europe, now had to trade with asia (try to find other routes) - wanted to establish colonies in asia to get rich

Question 29

mercantilism

Answer 29

colonies existed to make the home country wealthy

Question 30

spanish armada

Answer 30

king henry's granddaughter wanted to restore the catholic church but when she died, a protestant took throne. rivalry came back between spain(catholic) and england(prtestant) 1588-slain sent 130 warships to force elizabeth from throne but english ships conquered even though they were smaller, changed balance in power. now england and france were leading sea nations instead of spain

Question 31

john cabot

Answer 31

italian explorer who sailed for england to search for a more northern route to asia

Question 32

northwest passage

Answer 32

sea route from the atlantic to pacific that passes though or around north america

Question 33

henry hudson

Answer 33

searched for northwest passage, two trips for england, third for dutch where he traveled up hudson river and explored new york, fourth with england where he died in hudson bay

Question 34

how did conflicts in europe spur exploration in north america

Answer 34

religious conflicts made the power of the sea shift from spain to england and france so they took advantage and started exploring more

Question 35

samuel de champlain

Answer 35

french, traveled along st lawrence river, established quebec

Question 36

how did the french interact with the natives

Answer 36

they traded their goods for the furs of the indians to sell in europe instead of conquering them

Question 37

runner of the woods

Answer 37

coureurs de bois, independent traders who lived among the indians

Question 38

why did the french begin to farm

Answer 38

- the fur market in europe was going down - constant indian civil wars - growing new france population

Question 39

jacques marquette

Answer 39

french missionary who explored with louis joliet around the great lakes and to the mississippi river and to the gulf, not knowing that it was connected to the pacific, provided french with water route in to heart of north america

Question 40

why did the dutch established settlements around hudson river

Answer 40

trade was so profitable so they established new nether land (capitol-new amsterdam), english capture their settlement and named it new york

Question 41

alliance

Answer 41

agreement between parties that benefits both

Question 42

why did the europeans want the native americans land

Answer 42

their value with the europeans lessened after fur was gone and so their land was what the europeans were looking at

Question 43

what impact did the establishment of french and dutch colonies have in natives

Answer 43

good: treated them better, traded with them at first bad: eventually weren't that interested in them and just wanted their land

Question 44

Jacques Cartier

Answer 44

discovered st lawrence river and montreal

Question 45

la salle

Answer 45

claimed louisiana for france, explored gulf of mexico