8th grade ch 18

Question 1

why industry boomed2

Answer 1

• more coal/steel in west

- new railroads in west

Question 2

patent

Answer 2

document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention

Question 3

thomas edison

Answer 3

invented light bulb

Question 4

alexander graham bell

Answer 4

invented the telephone

Question 5

christopher sholes

Answer 5

invented type writer

Question 6

george eastman

Answer 6

invented lightweight camera

Question 7

henry ford

Answer 7

invented more affordable automobile

Question 8

assembly line

Answer 8

manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt

Question 9

wilbur and orville wright

Answer 9

invented gas powered airplane

Question 10

entrepreneur

Answer 10

someone who sets up new businesses to make a profit

Question 11

corporations2

Answer 11

• businesses owned by many investors

- less risk for investors, more risk for full time owners

Question 12

banks

Answer 12

lent huge amounts of capital to corporations to help industry grow faster

Question 13

monopoly

Answer 13

company that controls most or all businesses in a particular industry

Question 14

andrew carnegie2

Answer 14

• born poor

- established carnegie steel company

Question 15

gospel of wealth

Answer 15

carnegie philosophy that says that the rich had a duty to improve society

Question 16

john d rockefeller2

Answer 16

• born poor

- established standard oil trust

Question 17

trust2

Answer 17

• group of corporations run by a single board of directors=

- saw as a threat to free enterprise

Question 18

free enterprise

Answer 18

system in which privately owned businesses compete freely

Question 19

social darwinism

Answer 19

businesses that drove out their competitors deserved to survive

Question 20

changes in workplace3

Answer 20

• workplaces grew
• more women and children
• disease and injury

Question 21

sweatshop

Answer 21

manufacturing workshop where workers toil long hours under poor conditions for low pay

Question 22

knights of labor2

Answer 22

• admitted women, blacks, immigrants, and unskilled workers

- huge killing in haymarket square, knights lost influence

Question 23

american federation of labor3

Answer 23

• founder: samuel gompers
• only admitted skilled workers, not enough
• believed in collective bargaining

Question 24

collective bargaining

Answer 24

unions negotiate with management for workers as a group

Question 25

urbanization

Answer 25

rapid growth of city population

Question 26

mary harris jones2

Answer 26

- advocated for children's rights | - known as mother jones

Question 27

reasons for urbanization

Answer 27

- cities attracted industry, industry attracted people | - waterways for trade

Question 28

public transportation

Answer 28

gave rise to suburbs on the outskirts of the cities

Question 29

tenement

Answer 29

buildings divided into many tiny apartments

Question 30

improving city life3

Answer 30

- streetlights - fire/police departments - salvation army

Question 31

jane addams

Answer 31

opened hull house, a settlement house in chicago that helped poor people

Question 32

settlement house

Answer 32

center offering help to urban poor

Question 33

department store2

Answer 33

- people came downtown to buy goods that came from factories | - offered many different kinds of goods in one store

Question 34

reasons for migration4

Answer 34

- more jobs - religious freedom - political unrest - more land

Question 35

steerage

Answer 35

large compartments that usually held cattle

Question 36

immigrant neighborhoods2

Answer 36

- settled in cities | - settled around people of their same ethnicity

Question 37

assimilation

Answer 37

process of becoming part of another culture

Question 38

anarchist

Answer 38

person who opposes all forms of government

Question 39

nativists2

Answer 39

- sought to preserve u.s. for native-born american citizens | - associated immigrants with violence, crime, and anarchy

Question 40

chinese exclusion act

Answer 40

first law limiting immigration based on race. repealed in 1943

Question 41

bad immigrant law in 1917(2)

Answer 41

- immigrants who could not read their own languages can’t enter u.s. - education was for the wealthy, so most people could not immigrate

Question 42

compulsory education

Answer 42

requirement that kids attend school up to a certain age

Question 43

kids school day2

Answer 43

- learned reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic | - readings taught moral values and christian religion

Question 44

adult education2

Answer 44

- public libraries opened to offer knowledge to adults | - new state universities, which were free

Question 45

Chautauqua Society

Answer 45

group that gave lectures on variety of subjects to adults

Question 46

realist

Answer 46

writer who tries to show life as it is, emphasizes the harsh side

Question 47

mark twain2

Answer 47

- real name: Samuel Clemens | - made realistic stories by copying real ways that people from south spoke

Question 48

causes of newspaper boom2

Answer 48

- education: as more americans could read, they bought more newspapers - urbanization: in cities, people need newspapers to stay informed

Question 49

joseph pulitzer

Answer 49

created first modern, mass-circulation newspaper, New York World

Question 50

yellow journalism

Answer 50

describes the sensational reporting style of New York World

Question 51

george pullman4

Answer 51

- manufacturer of railroad cars - cut his workers' pay by 25% - refused to lower rents on company-owned housing - caused violent disputes