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Psyc Of Learning > 8 - Punishment > Flashcards

8 - Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

Punishment

A

a practice used to decrease the strength of a behavior through consequences

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2
Q

Characteristics of Punishments

A
  1. A behavior must have a consequence
  2. The behavior must have a decrease in strength (occur less often)
  3. The reduction in strength of behavior must occur as a result of the consequence
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3
Q

Punishers

A

aversive stimuli that organisms will seek to escape or avoid

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4
Q

Types of Punishments

A

Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment

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5
Q

Positive Punishment

A

Adding an aversive stimulus to decrease the strength of a behavior

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6
Q

Example of Positive Punishment

A

-Speeding ticket
-Spanking
-Fine
-Detention

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7
Q

Negative Punishment

A

removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease the strength of a behavior

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8
Q

Examples of Negative Punishment

A

-Time-out
-Loss of allowance
-Suspension of license

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9
Q

Contingency

A

the degree to which punishment is dependent upon the occurrence of behavior

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10
Q

Contiguity

A

the interval between a behavior and a punishing consequence
(cause and effect)

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11
Q

T/F. The longer the delay, the faster the learning

A

False. The longer the delay, the slower the learning

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12
Q

Intensity

A

the strength of the aversive stimuli

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13
Q

T/F. The stronger the intensity a punishment yields, the more effective the behavior will change

A

True

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14
Q

Introductory Level of Punishment

A

-Beginning intensity is important
-If you begin with an easy punishment and slowly make it harder, organisms will keep going even when they might have stopped if you used strong punishment from the beginning.

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15
Q

How do you evaluate the reinforcement of the punished behavior?

A

-Frequency
-Amount
-Quality

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16
Q

T/F. If a behavior is highly enforcing, it may persist despite the presence of a punishment

A

True

17
Q

Alternative Sources of Reinforcement

A

-If reinforcement that the behavior produces can be obtained elsewhere, punishment is likely to be effective
-If a specific behavior can only get reinforcement one way & is highly reinforcing, then the behavior may persist

18
Q

Deprivation Level

A

-If an individual has not received reinforcement in a while–& it is highly reinforcing (e.g. food)—then the behavior is likely to persist
-If a individual is sated on reinforcer, then punishment will likely stop the behavior

19
Q

Two Process Theory

A

The view that avoidance and punishment involve two procedure—Pavlovian & Operant learning

20
Q

One Process Theory

A

the view that avoidance and punishment involve only one procedure—Operant learning

21
Q

Disruption Theory

A

Skinner believed that punishment worked because it was disruptive to the behavior (that it created responses that were incompatible with the original behavior)

22
Q

Advantages of Punishment

A

-Effective
-Fast
-Can yield permanent suppression of unwanted behavior
-Potential for beneficial side effects

23
Q

Problems With Punishment: Abuse

A

Often results from punishment–typically physical/corporeal punishment–that has gone too far

24
Q

Problems With Punishment: Escape

A

-Individual struggles to get away from or avoids the situation in which punishment is received “tuning out”
-May foster a range of inappropriate escape tactics (suicide)

25
Q

Problems With Punishment: Aggression

A

-Attempt to attack those who try to punish
-Likely when escape is impossible
-May be directed at another object

26
Q

Problems With Punishment: Apathy

A

-May result in suppression of behavior in general
-Often a result when punishment is commonly used in response to many types of behavior
-Individuals may become afraid to do anything

27
Q

Imitation of Punisher

A

Children who are heavily punished often use this strategy on their siblings and peers

28
Q

T/F. Reinforcement is often safter than punishment

A

True

29
Q

Response Prevention

A

altering the environment in some way so as to try and prevent the behavior from occurring at all

30
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Zero Responding

A

-Reinforcement is contingent on not performing the behavior for a specified amount of time
-for eliminating behavior completely

31
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior

A

-Reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the unwanted behavior

Psyc Of Learning (12 decks)

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