8. Relative Pronouns And Conjunctions Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
The girl I saw yesterday.
A
La Chica que vi ayer
2
Q
That is not the girl you saw me with. (la que)
A
Esa no es la Chica con la que me viste. (la que can be used with people, animals, or things)
3
Q
The men I work for are …. (los que)
A
Los hombres para los que trabajo son . . . (los que can be used for peoples, animals, or things).
4
Q
The woman I spoke with. (quien)
A
La mujer con quien hablé. (quien can be used for people but NOT animals or things).
5
Q
The man you invited. (quien)
A
El hombre a quien invitaste. (quien, only with people)
6
Q
This applies to all transitive verbs that use the preposition a:
The woman I saw ….(la que)
The woman I saw ….(quien)
The woman I saw ….(que)
A
La mujer a la que vi…
La mujer a quien vi…
La mujer que vi…
7
Q
However, when que introduces an indirect object, the a cannot be ommitted:
The woman you sent the flowers to . . .(la que)
The woman you sent the flowers to . . .(quien)
A
La mujer a la que enviaste las flores ….
La mujer a quien enviaste las flores . . .
8
Q
The men you invited . (quien)
A
Los hombres a quienes invitaste.
9
Q
After a comma, which is more common?
Luis, quien es arquitecto.
Luis, que es arquitecto
A
Luis, que es arquitecto.
10
Q
Is it possible to use quien when there isn’t a comma?
El hombre que estuvo aquí.
El homre quien estuvo aquí.
A
Only que is possible.
11
Q
El/la cual y Los/las cuales can be used like que/quien after a comma: true/false
A
true
12
Q
The shop where I bought this . . . (la cual)
A
La tienda en la cual compré esto . . . (when there is no comma, la cual is common after prepositions)
13
Q
Reason: motivo es ____ y razón es ____
A
masquiline, feminine
14
Q
‘The reason (why)’ . . . (2 ways)
A
El motivo por el que/ El motivo por el cual
La razón por la que/ La razón por la cual
15
Q
That is the reason (why) I did it. (motivo)
A
Ése es el motivo por el que lo hice.
Ése es el motivo por el cual lo hice.
16
Q
The reason (why) I came . . . (razón)
A
La razón por la cual vine es . . .
La razón por la que vine es . . .
17
Q
That’s why I did it.
A
Esé es el por qué lo hice.
18
Q
This is the house where I was born.
A
Ésta es la casa donde nací.
19
Q
This is the telephone booth from where I called you.
A
Ésta es la cabina desde donde te llamé.
20
Q
This is the house where I met her. (la que)
A
Ésta es la casa en la que la conocí
21
Q
This is the place from where I saw you. (el cual)
A
Éste es el lugar desde el cual te vi.
22
Q
As a relative pronoun, cuando has a limited use:
Ana left the year when I came.
A
Ana se marchól año que vine.
23
Q
The morning I came it was raining.
A
La mañana (en la) que vine estaba lloviendo. (without the en la is much more common).
24
Q
Cuando is very common after commas:
I was born in 1945, when the war ended.
A
Nací en el año 1945, cuando terminó la guerra.
25
In English, 'as' is used when the second action takes place before the first is finished. In Spanish, cuando is used. If the action has just been completed, use 'justo cuando' or '(justo) en el momento en que):
As (or: Just as) I entered the building I heard the explanation.
Justo cuando entraba en el edificio, oí la explosión.
26
As I was entering the building . . .
Cuando estaba entrando en el edificio . . .
27
For parallel actions, as translates as cuando and mientras (while). In the past, the imperfect or the imperfect progressive are required:
She listened to the news as she cleaned.
Ella escuchaba las noticias cuando limpiaba.
28
For parallel actions, as translates as cuando and mientras (while). In the past, the imperfect or the imperfect progressive are required:
She listened to the news while she cleaned.
Ella escuchaba las noticias mientras limpiaba.
29
For parallel development, 'as' translates as 'a medida que.' In the past, the imperfect is the most common tense used:
As time went by, she felt better.
A medida que pasaba el tiempo, ella se sentía mejor.
30
For parallel development, 'as' translates as 'a medida que.' In the past, the imperfect is the most common tense used (in the informal, conforme is often used instead):
As time went by, she felt better.
Conforme pasaba el tiempo, ella se sentía mejor.
31
When 'as' has the same meaning as while, its translation is 'cuando' or 'mientras.' In past narration, it is advisable to use the imperfect or the imperfect progressive:
My wife prepared dinner as I was having a shower.
Mi mujer preparó la cena mientras/cuando me duchaba.
32
When the clause with 'as' is followed by a verb that implies an action with a (very) short duration, cuando is preferable (to mientras):
As I was going into the post office, I saw Jorge.
Cuando entraba (o: estaba entrando) en Correos, vi a Jorge.
33
When 'as' has the same meaning as 'because/since', it translates as 'como' (without an accent):
As/since/because my wife was ill, we couldn't go to the party.
Como mi mujer estaba enferma, no pudimos ir a la fiesta.
34
If the reason is not mentioned first, like (Como mi mujer estaba enferma, no pudimos ir a la fiesta), como is not possible. Porque (because) and ya que/puesto que (since) are used instead (pues (as/because can be used as well):
We couldn't go to the party because my wife was sick. (4 ways)
No pudimos ir a la fiest, ya que mi mujer estaba enferma.
No pudimos ir a la fiest, puesto que mi mujer estaba enferma.
No pudimos ir a la fiest, porque mi mujer estaba enferma.
No pudimos ir a la fiest, pues mi mujer estaba enferma.
35
'As' translates as 'de' with nouns in sentences that refer to periods in a person's life:
As a child I had a lot of health problems.
De niño tuve muchos problemas de salud.
36
'Como' is common in sentences that talk about duty, responsibility, type of job, and so on:
As a married man, you can't go out with your friends at night.
Como hombre casado, no puedes salir con tus amigos de noche.
37
'Como' is common in sentences that talk about duty, responsibility, type of job, and so on:
Maria works as a cashier in a big supermarket.
Maria trabaja como cajera en un gran supermercado.
38
When talking about the type of job/activity, de is possible as well as como:
Paco works as a secretary in an office.
Paco trabaja de secretario en un despacho.
39
If the sentence is making a 'comparison,' the indefinite article must be used with 'como.' Compare:
She works as a nurse. (meaning that she is a nurse).
She works like a nurse.
Ella trabaja de/como enfermera.
Ella trabaja como una enfermera.
40
In English, 'as' can mean 'though' in constructions such as 'Sleepy as he was ...' With this meaning, 'as' must be translated as 'aunque' or 'a pesar de que':
Tired as he was, he went on running.
Aunque él estaba muy cansado, siguió corriendo.
A pesar de que él estaba muy cansado, siguió corriendo.
41
Besides
además
42
Moreover
además
43
anyway/ in any case (4 ways)
de todas formas/ de cualquier forma/ de todos modos/ en todo caso
44
'Besides' can also be a preposition. When this is the case, the preposition 'de' is used with 'además:'
Besides being a good student, he works at a gas station.
Además de ser un buen estudiante, trabaja en una gasolinera.
45
The common translation of 'both .... and' is 'tanto . . . como'
Both Maria and Luis passed the exam.
Tanto Maria como Luis aprobaron el examen.
46
The common translation of 'both .... and' is 'tanto . . . como'
I visited both the museum and the palace.
Visité tanto el museo como el palacio.
47
The common translation of 'both .... and' - in everyday spanish- is with y:
I visited the museum and the palace.
Visité el museo y el palacio.
48
Which construction is more common in everyday spanish?
Visité tanto el museo como el palacio.
Visité el museo y el palacio.
Visité el museo y el palacio.
49
When 'but' is used with a similar meaning to 'however', it is translated as pero:
She was in London, but she wasn't able to see the queen.
Ella estuvo en Londres, pero no pudo ver a la reina.
50
When 'but' is used with a similar meaning to 'however', it is translated as pero:
He is short but strong.
Él es bajito pero fuerte.
51
When 'but' is used to correct information or possible misunderstandings, it must be translated as 'sino:'
She isn't a nurse but rather a secretary.
Ella no es enfermera, sino secretaria.
52
They live 'either' on this street 'or' on that one.
Viven o en esta calle o en ésa.
53
They live on this street or on that one.
Viven en esta calle o en esa.
54
When the verb form is negative (in sentences with 'either'), 'ni' must be used:
She doesn't speak (either) English or French.
Ella no habla inglés ni francés.
55
The conjunction 'o' becomes 'u' when the following word begins with an 'o':
either New York or Orlando
o Nueva York u Orlando
56
Ni ... ni corresponds to the English conjunction 'neither . . . nor':
She speaks neither English nor French.
Ella no habla ni inglés ni francés.
57
Note that a double negative is commonly used, except when 'ni' is placed before the verb:
She speaks neither English nor French/ Ella no habla ni inglés ni francés.
When 'ni' is placed before habla, the sentence becomes:
Ella ni habla inglés ni francés.
58
If a verb takes a preposition (e.g., hablar con, ir a), the first component of the conjunction is always placed before that preposition:
You have to talk either with the principal or with your teacher.
Tienes que hablar o con el director o con tu profesor.
59
When 'for' is used as a conjunction, explaining something, its common translation is 'pues:'
She was worried, for her son hadn't come back yet.
Ella estaba preocupada, pues su hijo no había venido todavía.
60
'Pues' has the same limitations as 'for' in English. When in doubt, use porque (because), as both conjunctions have nearly the same meaning:
She was worried because her son hadn't come back yet.
Ella estaba preocupada porque su hijo no había venido todavía.
61
As a conjunction, however can be translated as ____ or _____.
Sin embargo; no obstante
62
'However', as an adverb of degree (e.g. however hard you studied), its translation is 'no importar lo', followed by adjectives/adverbs and subjunctive forms:
I never passed the math tests, however hard I studied.
Nunca aprobé los exámenes de matemáticas, no importaba lo mucho que estudiara.
63
In spite of/despite translate as 'a pesar de', here followed by the infinitive:
In spite of having no time, María helped me with the boxes.
A pesar de no tener tiempo, María me ayudó con las cajas.
64
She helped me with the boxes in spite of the fact that she didn't have any time.
Ella me ayudó con las cajas a pesar de que (ella) no tenía tiempo.
65
A pesar de can be followed by nouns:
In spite of my great effort, I couldn't pass the exam.
A pesar de mi gran esfuerzo, no pude aprobar el examen.
66
'Not only . . . but also' translates as no sólo/solamente ...sino también:
Not only adults but also children were arrested by the police.
No sólo adultos, sino también niños, fueron arrestados por la policía.
67
In the second part of this conjunction the relative pronoun 'que' must be used if the verb sequence is repeated:
Elena not only bought the blouse but also (bought) the trousers.
Elena no sólo compró la blusa, sino que también compró los pantalones.
68
In affirmative sentences, 'or' is translated as 'o'
Give this to Pedro or to Antonio/ Dale esto a Pedro o a Antonio.
When the sentence is negative, English can use 'or', but Spanish has to use 'ni:'
She doesn't work or study.
Ella 'no' trabaja 'ni' estudia.
69
Otherwise: this conjunction can be translated as _____ or ____ (if not).
de lo contrario/ si no (if not)
70
We must hurry up; otherwise we'll miss the train.
Debemos darnos prisa; de lo contrario, perderemos el tren.
71
The conjunction 'de lo contrario' can be replaced by 'o'
We must hurry up; otherwise we'll miss the train/ Debemos darnos prisa; de lo contrario, perderemos el tren.
We must hurry up (or else) we will miss the train.
Debemos darnos prisa, o perderemos el tren.
72
As an adverb, 'otherwise' is translated as 'de otra forma' or as 'de otro modo'
If you calculate it otherwise, you won't obtain the correct result.
Si lo calculas de otra forma, no obtendrás el resultado correcto.
73
'Since', when it functions as a conjunction, it usually translates as 'ya que'
Martin couldn't pass the exams, since he hadn't studied very hard.
At the beginning of a sentence, it is much better to use 'como'
Since we don't have any money, we won't go on vacation this year.
Martin no pudo aprobar los exámenes, ya que no había estudiado mucho.
Como no tenemos dinero, no iremos de vacaciones este año.
74
As an adverb, since translates as desde (que):
I have had this watch since 1958.
Tengo este reloj desde 1958.
75
As an adverb, since translates as desde (que):
I have known her since we were children.
La conozco desde que éramos niños.
76
As a conjunction to explain something, 'so' translates as 'así que':
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
Estaba lloviendo, así que nos quedamos en casa.
77
As an adverb of degree, 'so' translates as 'tan':
She is so beautiful...
Ella es tan guapa...
78
'Still' and 'yet' can function as adverbs. In this case, 'still' translates as ____ or ____;
aún or todavía
79
'Still' and 'yet' can function as adverbs. In this case'yet' translates as ____ in interrogative sentences and as ____ or _____ in negative sentences.
ya; aún no/ todavía no
80
Have you finished yet?
¿Has terminado ya?
81
No, I haven't finished it yet.
No, aún no he terminado.
82
I'm still working on it.
Todavía/Aún estoy trabajando en ello.
83
Therefore; this conjugation can be translated as ____ or _____.
por tanto; por consiguiente
84
We can't, therefore, go on vacation.
No podemos, por tanto, ir de vacaciones.
85
Therefore, we haven't been able to go.
Por consiguiente, no hemos podido ir.
86
'When'; the equivalent Spanish conjunction is 'cuando':
How can you expect me to help you when you never do anything for me?
¿Cómo puedes esperar que te ayude cuando tú nunca haces nada por mi?
87
How can you expect me to help you when you never do anything for me? (there are 2 other possibilities other than 'cuando')
¿Cómo puedes esperar que te ayude 'mientras (que)' tú nunca haces nada por mi?
¿Cómo puedes esperar que te ayude 'si' tú nunca haces nada por mi?
88
Mientras can be used to emphasize a contrast:
She works hard while her brother wastes money.
Ella trabaja duramente mientras su hermano malgasta el dinero.
89
It happened while we were sleeping upstairs.
Sucedió mientras dormíamos arriba.
90
We were robbed while we were taking a walk.
Nos robaron mientras dábamos un paseo.
91
In this case, it is common to add the relative pronoun 'que' to mientras:
She works and studies while her brother doesn't do anything.
Ella trabaja y estudia mientras que su hermano no hace nada.
92
Mientras cannot be used to mean 'although'. The conjunction 'aunque' must be used instead:
While I like your offer, I'm not going to change jobs.
Aunque me gusta tu oferta, no voy a cambiar de trabajo.
93
'Still/yet': both conjunctions can be translated as 'sin embargo' or 'no obstante:'
His disease is very serious; still, there is some hope.
Su enfermedad es muy grave; sin embargo/no obstante, hay alguna esperanza.
94
'Still/yet': both conjunctions can be translated as 'sin embargo' or 'no obstante:'
It was extremely dangerous; yet I did it.
Era extremadamente peligros; sin embargo/ no obstante, lo hice.
95
When the preceding sentence or clause conveys a negative or difficult characteristic, 'no obstante' (nevertheless or all the same) can be used as well:
She said it was too expensive; nevertheless/yet she bought it.
Ella dijo que era demasiado caro; no obstante, lo compró.
