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1. Anatomy and Physiology > 8. Skull and facial bones > Flashcards

8. Skull and facial bones Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

When imaging the nasal bones, how should you image and what two landmarks should you include?

A

Always bilateral imaging including the anterior nasal spine and nasion

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2
Q

What do the nasal bones articulate with?

A
  1. Other nasal bone
  2. Frontal bone (nasion)
  3. Maxillae
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3
Q

What is the smallest bone in the face?

A

Lacrimal bone

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4
Q

Where do the tear ducts pass through?

A

Each of the lacrimal bones

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5
Q

Where is the lacrimal bone located?

A

Posterior and lateral to nasal bones

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6
Q

What do the lacrimal bones form?

A

The anterior part of the medial wall of each orbit

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7
Q

What does the maxillary bones form?

(3)

A
  1. Part of the lateral walls and most of the floor of the nasal cavity
  2. Part of the floor of the orbits
  3. 1/4 of the hard palate
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8
Q

What is the hard palate and what is its function?

A

It is the bony roof of the mouth and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and allows us to form a bolus

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9
Q

What is another name for the anterior nasal spine?

A

Acanthion

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10
Q

What are the four processes that come from the body of the maxillary?

A
  1. Frontal process
  2. Zygomatic process of the maxilla
  3. Alveolar process
  4. Palatine process
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11
Q

What bones articulate with the maxillary?

A

Every other facial bone exept the mandible

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12
Q

In a lateral image, how can you tell the left zygomatic process of the maxilla from the right?

A

The larger bone is closer, but in a lateral image, they should be superimposed

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13
Q

On a lateral skull, what anatomy do we use to asses the tilt of the skull?

A

Orbial plates of the frontal bone

(key word is skull)

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14
Q

Where is the inferior orbital fissue located?

A

Between the graeater wing of the sphenoid and maxilla

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15
Q

What are the landmarks located on the maxilla?

three

A
  1. Inferior orbital fissue
  2. Infraorbital foramen
  3. Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
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16
Q

On a lateral facial bone image, what structure to we look at to acess the tilt/rotation?

A

The zygomatic process

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17
Q

What forms the zygomatic arch?

A

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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18
Q

What processes are formed by the zygomatic bones?

4

A
  1. Frontal process of zygomatic bone
  2. Temporal process of zygomatic bone
  3. Sphenoid process of zygomatic bone
  4. Maxillary process of zygomatic bone
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19
Q

What does the zygomatic bone articulate with?

4

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Temporal bone
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Maxillary
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20
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

Closes the nasopharynx

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21
Q

Where does the palatine bones acessend?

A

Accends between the maxilla and the pterygoid processes of sphenoid

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22
Q

What does the palatine bone form?

Vertical-three

A
  1. The posterior nasal cavity
  2. Posteriomedial orbit (the tip)
  3. Posterior 1/4 of the hard palate
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23
Q

What do the inferior nasal conche form?

A
  1. Inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
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24
Q

What is the function of the 3 pairs of nasal conche?

A

Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and help swirl and filter air before it passes into the lungs

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25
What does the vomer form?
**The inferior portion of the bony nasal septum**
26
Which way does the vomer slide?
It slants superiorly and posteriorly from anterior nasal spine
27
What is the only moveable skull bone?
Mandible | Also the largest, strongest facial bone
28
What are the two parts of the mandible?
1. Ramus-Vertical part 2. Body-horizontal part
29
What is the place called where the ramus and body of the mandible meet?
Angle/Gonion
30
What 3 cranial bones make up the orbits?
1. Frontal Bone 2. Sphenoid 3. Ethmoid
31
Where is the hyoid bone suspended | Be specific
Suspended from the styloid process (located on the tympanic portion) of the temporal bones by muscles and ligaments
32
What bone is located anteriorly between the mandible and the larynx?
The hyoid bone
33
What does the hyoid bone articulate with?
No other bone
34
What does the frontal process of the maxillae articulate with?
The nasal bone and the frontal bone
35
What does the zygomatic process of the maxillae articulate with?
The zygoma
36
What does the alveolar process articulate with?
8 teeth
37
What does the palatine process of the maxillae articulate with?
1. Incisive foramen
38
What does the palatine process of maxillae form?
The anteiror 3/4 of the hard palate
39
What are the landmarks located on the ramus of the mandible?
1. Mandibular condyle 2. Coronoid process 3. Mandibular notch
40
What does the mandibular condyle articulate with and what does it form?
The mandibular fossa of the Squamous portion of the temporal bone to form the TMJ
41
The coronoid process of the ramus on the mandible is the attchment for what muscle?
The temporalis muscle
42
Where is the mandibular notch located?
In the area between the coronoid process and the condyle of the mandible
43
What are the landmarks located on the body of the mandible? | 4
1. Alveolar process 2. Symphsis menti 3. Mental protuberance 4. Mental foramen
44
Where is the mental foramen located?
Below the 2nd premolar/bicuspid tooth
45
What is C3 the landmark for?
The angle/gonoin of the mandible
46
What forms the circumfernce of the orbit? | 3
1. Frontal bone 2. zygomatic bone 3. Maxillary
47
What forms the floor of the orbit? | 3
1. Maxillary 2. zygomatic 3. Palatine
48
Where do blow out fractures occur?
At the floor of the orbit
49
What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?
1. Ethmoid 2. Lacrimal 3. Maxillary
50
What forms the roof of the orbit? | 2
1. Mainly frontal bone (orbital plates) 2. Lesser wing of sphenoid
51
What forms the lateral wall of the orbit?
1. Frontal process of zygomatic 2. Greater wing of sphenoid
52
What is the thickest and thinnest part of the orbital wall?
Thickest: Lateral wall of orbit Thinnest: Medial wall of orbit
53
Where is the TMJ located in relation to the EAM and what type of joint(s) is it?
TMJ is anterior and slightly superior to the EAM. It is a synovial, diarthrosis joint as well as a hinge and gliding joint.
54
What is the term that describes the amount that the condyle moves?
Excursion
55
What does the mandibular condyle articulate with?
With the mandibular fossa of the zygomatic process of the tempral bone
56
Air filled structurees that all communicate with nasal cavity are called what?
The paranasal sinuses
57
What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses? | 4
1. Resonating chamber for the boice 2. Decrease weight of skull 3. Help warm and moisten air inhaled 4. Act as shock absorbers in trama
58
What is the most superior paranasal sinus?
The frontal sinus
59
Where is the frontal sinus located?
Between the 2 tables of squama | wut
60
Where are the sphenoid sinuses located?
In the body of the sphenoid | Have to open mouth to see on an AP
61
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?
On the lateral masses of the ethmoid
62
What are the 3 different groups of ethmoid sinuses?
1. Anterior 2. Middle 3. Posterior
63
What is the largest paranasal sinus?
The maxillary sinuses
64
Where is the maxillary sinus located?
The the body of the maxillae
65
What is the floor of the maxillary sinus called?
The maxillary antrum
66
In a frontal view of the maxillary, what shape does the maxillary sinus appear to be in? What about a lateral view?
Frontal: Appear pyrimid shaped Lateral: Appear more cube shaped
67
Why do we tilt the head down when imaging maxillary?
To lower the petrus ridges to get them out of the way to see the fluid in the sinuses

1. Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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