8. Variola (smallpox) Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

What are the 2 poxviruses of the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily that ONLY infects humans?

A

Variola virus, molluscum contagiosum virus

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2
Q

Amount of deaths caused by smallpox during the 20th century?

A

300-500 million

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3
Q

How is smallpox contracted?

A

Inhalation

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4
Q

What is temporal regulation of transcription?

A

Process by which specific genes are transcribed at different times, as they are needed

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5
Q

Upon variola infection, what protein is needed right away? Why?

A

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

To make mRNA

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6
Q

3 agents/methods that provided protection from smallpox?

A
  • Inoculation w/ cowpox
  • Variolation w/ dead viruses from scabs
  • Inoculation w/ vaccinia virus
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7
Q

Why does variola package its RNA pol but not its DNA pol?

A

RNA pol is needed immediately to transcribe mRNA from the (-)RNA genome to translate early proteins

Viral DNA pol is one of the early proteins

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8
Q

Variola genome?

A

Linear dsDNA, ends sealed by hairpin loops (AT-rich)

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9
Q

Variola - site of genome replication?

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

How is variola spread in the body?

A

Blood/lymph

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11
Q

How is the variola genome protected from host exonucleases?

A

No free ends since hairpin loops are presented

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12
Q

Poxvirus genome replication requires intermediate-gene-specific viral factors and a host factor ______ exported from the nucleus

A

Vitf2

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13
Q

First step in poxvirus replication cycle?

A

Extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) binds via virion proteins and by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on target cell surface

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14
Q

3 reasons to study poxviruses even though variola has been eradicated?

A
  • Bioterrorism threat
  • Need for better vaccines
  • Monkeypox threat
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