Histopathology 14: Urological Pathology

Question 1

Name 3 benign renal neoplasms

Answer 1

Papillary adenoma
Renal onocytoma
Angiomyolipoma

Question 2

List 3 types of renal calculi

Answer 2

Calcium oxalate
Magnesium Ammonium phosphate
Uric acid

Question 3

Infection with which organisms leads to magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi ?

Answer 3

Urease producing organisms - Proteus

Question 4

What is a stag horn calculus ?

Answer 4

A very large magnesium ammonium phosphate stone

Question 5

In which syndrome do you get renal Onocytoma ?

Answer 5

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome

Question 6

Which benign renal neoplasm is seen in tuberous sclerosis ?

Answer 6

Angiomyolipoma

Question 7

List risk 5 risk factors for renal cell carcinoma ?

Answer 7

Smoking
Obesity 
Long term dialysis 
Von hippel Lindau syndrome 
Aromatic amines

Question 8

List 3 subtypes of renal cell carcinoma ?

Answer 8

clear cell renal cell carcinoma (75%)
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (15%)
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (5%)
10% other

Question 9

Name 1 malignant renal tumour of childhood?

Answer 9

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour)

Question 10

Which 3 genetic mutations are commonly associated with Papillary adenoma / carcinoma

Answer 10

Trisomy 7
Trisomy 17
Deletion of Y chromosome

Question 11

List 3 treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer 11

5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Alpha blockers
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Question 12

What scoring system is used to predict prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma ?

Answer 12

Gleason score

Question 13

25 year old male presents with a painless testicular lump. He has a history of an undescended testicle and was low birthweight.

What is the most likely neoplastic cause ?

Answer 13

A testicular germ cell tumour

Question 14

List 5 subtypes of germ cell tumours?

Answer 14

Seminoma 
Choriocarcinoma
Yolk sac tumour
Post pubertal teratoma 
Embryonal carcinoma

Question 15

Which subtype of testicular germ cell tumours shows a lace-like pattern on histology

Answer 15

Yolk sac tumour

Question 16

Name a rare testicular non-germ cell tumour that may present with precocious puberty in pre-pubertal boys ?

Answer 16

Leydig cell tumour

Question 17

List 3 testicular non-germ cell tumours ?

Answer 17

Lymphoma
Leydig cell tumour
Sertoli tumour

Question 18

Which type of urinary calculi are most common ?

Answer 18

Calcium oxalate

Question 19

List 2 causes of urate stones ?

Answer 19

• Gout

- Chemotherapy

Question 20

What is the most common type of prostate cancer ?

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma

Question 21

Which 3 markers are raised in teratoma ?

Answer 21

AFP
HCG
LDH