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COM MSK > Back Myology > Flashcards

Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation for superficial 3 layers of back

A

Branch of an anterior ramus or cranial nerve

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2
Q

Innervation for deep three layers of back

A

Posterior rami

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3
Q

Trapezius OIN (origin, insertion, innervation)

A

O- spinous processes of C7-T12, ligamentum nuchae, external occipital protuberance and medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
I- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
N- Motor- CN XI
Sensory- C3, 4

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4
Q

Latissimus dorsi OIN

A

O- spinous processes of T6-12, L1-5, ribs 9-12, iliac crest and median sacral crest via thoracolumbar fascia
I- floor of the humeral intertubercular groove
N- Thoracodorsal N (C6-C8)

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5
Q

Trapezius action

A

Whole muscle- rotates point of the glenoid cavity superiorly, retracts scapula
Upper fibers- elevate scapula
Lower fibers- depress scapula
With scapula fixed, upper fibers will extend the neck bilaterally, laterally flex the neck and rotate the face away when working unilaterally

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6
Q

Latissimus dorsi action

A

Extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

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7
Q

Layer 2 muscles include

A

Rhomboid major/minor

Levator scapulae

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8
Q

Rhomboid major OIN

A

O- Spinous processes of T2-T5
I- medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)
N- Dorsal scapular nerve C4,5

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9
Q

Rhomboid major action

A

Retract and elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

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10
Q

Rhomboid minor OIN

A

O- spinous processes of C7-T1, lower part of ligamentum nuchae
I- medial border of scapula (at scapular spine)
N- Dorsal scapular nerve C4,5

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11
Q

Rhomboid minor action

A

Retract and elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

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12
Q

Levator scapulae OIN

A

O- posterior tubercles of transverse processes C1-4
I- medial border of scapula (superior to scapular spine)
N- C3,4 Dorsal scapular C5

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13
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

Elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly, laterally flex neck when scapula is fixed

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14
Q

Layer 3 muscles include

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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15
Q

Serratus posterior superior OIN

A

Nuchal line and spinous processes C7-T3
I- superior surfaces of ribs 2-4
N- Intercostal nerve 2-5

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16
Q

Serratus posterior inferior OIN

A

O-Spinous processes T11-L2
I- superior surfaces of ribs 8-12
N- anterior rami T9-12

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17
Q

Serratus posterior superior/inferior action

A

Superior- elevate ribs with forced inspiration

Inferior- depress ribs with forced expiration

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18
Q

Layer 4 muscles include

A

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

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19
Q

Splenius capitis OIN

A

O- Lower 1/2 nuchal line, spinous process C7-T3(4)
I- mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of occipital bone
N- posterior rami C3-5

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20
Q

Splenius capitis/cervicis action

A

Extend neck when working bilaterally, laterally flex neck and rotate face toward when working unilaterally

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21
Q

Splenius cervicis OIN

A

O- spinous processes T3-6
I- Transverse processes C1-3(4)
N- Posterior rami C5-7

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22
Q

Layer 5 muscles

A

Erector spinae group:
Iliocostalis (lateral group)
Longissimus (intermediate group)
Spinalis (medial group)

23
Q

Action and innervation of all erector spinae group muscles

A

A- maintain erect posture and extend the vertebral column and head when working bilaterally. Laterally flex the vertebral column when working unilaterally
N- Segmentally innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves

24
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum OI

A

O- posteromedial iliac crest, spinous processes T11-L5, median sacral crest, lateral sacral crest, sacrotuberous ligament and long posterior sacroiliac ligament
I- Costal angles of ribs 6-12

25
Q

Iliocostalis thoracic OI

A

O- costal angles of ribs 6-12

I- costal angles of ribs 1-6 and transverse process C7

26
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis OI

A

O- costal angles of ribs 3-6

I- posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-6

27
Q

Longissimus thoracis OI

A

O- common origin with iliocostalis lumborum, transverse and accessory processes L1-5
I- Transverse processes T1-L2, Ribs 3-12 b/w costal angle and costal tubercle

28
Q

Longissimus cervicis OI

A

O- transverse processes T1-5

I- posterior tubercles of transverse processes and articular processes of C2-6

29
Q

Longissimus capitis OI

A

O- transverse processes T1-5, articular processes C4-7

I- mastoid process of temporal bone

30
Q

Spinalis thoracis OI

A

O- spinous processes T11-L2

I- spinous processes T1-4

31
Q

Spinalis cervicis OI

A

O- Spinous processes T1-6

I- spinous processes C2 (3,4)

32
Q

Spinalis capitis

A

Usually absent or blended with semispinalis capitis

33
Q

Strain vs sprain

A

Strain involves excessive stretching or tearing of muscle fibers from overly strong contraction
Sprain is an injury to the ligamentous attachments between bone- due to inadequate stretching

34
Q

Layer 6 muscles include, and what innervates them

A 
Semispinalis group
Multifidus
Rotatores longus
Rotatores brevis
Innervated by posterior rami
35
Q

Semispinalis thoracis OI

A

O- transverse processes T6-12

I- spinous processes C6-T4

36
Q

Semispinalis cervicis OI

A

O- Transverse processes T1-6

I- Spinous processes C2-5

37
Q

Semispinalis thoracis/cervicis action

A

Extend spine and rotate spine away

38
Q

Semispinalis capitis OI

A

O- transverse proc. C7-T6, articular processes C4-6

I- b/w superior/inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

39
Q

Semispinalis capitis action

A

Extend head, rotate face away

40
Q

Multifidus OI

A

O- mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of C4-7
I- spinous processes three numeric segments superior, does not insert onto atlas

41
Q

Multifidus action

A

Extend spine, rotate spine away

42
Q

Rotatores longus OI and action

A

O- transverse processes
I- roots of spinous processes 2 segments superior
A- Extend spine, rotate spine away

43
Q

Rotatores brevis OI and action

A

O- transverse processes
I- roots of spinous processes 1 segment superior
A- extend spine, rotate spine away

44
Q

Interspinalis OIN and action

A

O- spinous process
I- adjacent spinous process
N- posterior rami
A- Extend spine

45
Q

Intertransversarii OIN and action

A

O- transverse process
I- adjacent spinous process
N- posterior rami
A- extend spine

46
Q

Levator costarum longus OIN and action

A

O- transverse processes C7-T11
I- 2nd rib inferior to origin
N- posterior rami
A- elevate ribs

47
Q

Levator costarum brevis OIN and action

A

O- transverse processes C7-T11
I- adjacent rib inferior to origin
N- posterior rami
A- elevate ribs

48
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major OIN and action

A

O- spinous process C2
I- lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
N- suboccipital nerve
A- extend head, rotate face toward

49
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor OIN and action

A

O- posterior tubercle of C1
I- below inferior nuchal line
N- suboccipital nerve
A- extend head

50
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior OIN and action

A

O- spinous process C2
I- transverse process C1
N- suboccipital nerve
A- rotate face forward

51
Q

Obliquus capitis superior OIN and action

A

O- transverse process C1
I- b/w superior and inferior nuchal lines
N- suboccipital nerve
A- extend and laterally flex head

52
Q

Boundaries of suboccipital triangle include

A

Rectus capitis posterior major (medial), obliquus capitis inferior (inferior), obliquus capitis superior (lateral)

53
Q

Contents of suboccipital triangle

A 
Vertebral artery travels through the floor
Suboccipital nerve (which is the posterior ramus of the 1st cervical spinal nerve) and innervates musculator of suboccipital region
54
Q

Suboccipital muscles include

A

Rectus capitis posterior major/minor

Obliquus capitis inferior/superior

COM MSK (35 decks)

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