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COM MSK > Posterior and Anterolateral Leg > Flashcards

Posterior and Anterolateral Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What lies between the medial and lateral tubercle of the talus

A

Groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon

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2
Q

Navicular tuberosity is attachment for

A

Tibialis posterior

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3
Q

Superficial posterior group of leg includes

A

Gastrocnemius- most superficial
Soleus - triceps surae
Plantaris

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4
Q

Deep posterior group of leg includes

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

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5
Q

Tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels are deep to what

A

Transverse crural intermuscular septum

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6
Q

Insertion for gastrocnemius

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)

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7
Q

Function of gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexion and flexes leg at knee joint

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8
Q

Soleus attachments, function, forms what big muscle with gastrocnemius

A

Soleal line of tibia
Posterior head of fibula/superior 1/4 of posterior fibula
Inserts into posterior calcaneus via tendo calcaneus
Forms triceps surae with gastrocnemius (these form the calf prominence)
Plantarflexion

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9
Q

Plantaris origin, insertion, function,

A

Small, sometimes absent muscle
O: Lateral end of lateral supracondylar line
I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Weak plantarflexion and leg flexion
Proposed to be a proprioceptive organ for foot position because of its high density of proprioceptive receptors

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10
Q

Long tendon of plantaris useful for

A

Commonly used in reconstructive surgery of hand tendons
Possibility of rupture during violent ankle movements, common in basketball players/sprinters/ballet dancers
Pain may be so severe that you cant bare weight

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11
Q

Popliteus description, attachments, functions

A

Deep to plantaris, forms inferior floor of popliteal fossa
O- posterior tibia superior to soleal line
I- lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Unlocks extended leg by laterally rotating femur on a stationary tibia
Also flexes leg weakly

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12
Q

Flexor hallucis longus description, attachments, function

A

Lies deep to soleus, largest posterior muscle
O- inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
I-Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Tendon crosses deep to FDL tendon in sole of foot
Flexes great toe and plantarflexion

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13
Q

Flexor digitorum longus description, attachments, function

A

Deep to soleus and posterior to tibia
Tendon passes deep to tibialis posterior, then diagonally in sole of foot superficial to FHL tendon
O- posterior tibia superior to soleal line
I- distal phalanx of lateral 4 digits
Flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes foot

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14
Q

Tibialis posterior description, attachments, function

A

Deepest posterior crural muscle, lies b/w FDL and FHL
Tendon passes anterior to FDL
O- interosseous membrane, posterior tibia, posteromedial fibula
I- Navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, 2-4 metatarsals
Inversion, plantarflexion of foot

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15
Q

What nerve supplies all posterior compartment muscles

A

Tibial nerve

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16
Q

Tibial nerve path

A

Passes with posterior tibial vessels deep to soleus and posterior to tibialis posterior
Leaves posterior compartment by passing deep to flexor retinaculum b/w medial malleolus and calcaneus
Ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves

17
Q

Posterior tibial artery path

A

Begins near inferior border of popliteus deep to soleus
Gives rise to fibular artery
Passes inferomedially on posterior surface of tibialis posterior with tibial nerve
Runs deep to flexor retinaculum
Vascularizes posterior compartment
Ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteriess

18
Q

Fibular artery path

A

Largest branch of posterior tibial artery
Begins inferior to distal border of popliteus
Descends obliquely towards fibula, usually under FHL
Ends by giving off a perforating branch as well as terminal lateral malleolar (anastomosis with anterior lateral malleolar) and calcaneal branches (supplies heel)
Vascularizes posterior and lateral compartments

19
Q

Crural fascia

A

Continuous with fascia lata
Covers leg muscles
Thickens distally to form extensor retinaculum

20
Q

Muscles in the anterior compartment include

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

21
Q

Primary functions of anterior leg muscles

A

Toe extension, foot dorsiflexion

22
Q

Tibialis anterior description, attachments, function

A

Long thick muscle on anterolateral tibial
O- Lateral tibial condyle and superolateral half of tibia
I- medial surface of first/medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

23
Q

Extensor digitorum longus attachments and function

A

O- Lateral tibial condyle, anterior fibular surface, interosseous membrane
I- each of four tendons forms extensor expansion of dorsum of lateral four proximal phalanges that divide into two lateral slips (attach to distal phalanx) and one central slip (attach to middle phalanx)

24
Q

Fibularis tertius description, attachments, function

A 
Fuse with digitorum longus proximally
Tendon does not attach to digit
Variably present
O- anteroinferior fibular surface
I- dorsum of fifth metatarsal base
Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
25
Q

Extensor hallucis longus description, attachments, function

A

Lateral to tibialis anterior
O- anteromedial fibular surface and Int. membrane, medial to proximal attachment of extensor digitorum longus
I- base of distal phalanx of hallux
Extends big toe and dorsiflexes ankle

26
Q

Deep fibular nerve

A

One of two terminal branches of common fibular N.
Begins b/w fibula and fibularis longus muscle
Runs inferomedially w/anterior tibial vessels between tibialis anterior and EHL. Ends in medial and lateral terminal branches on dorsum of foot

27
Q

Deep fibular nerve supplies

A

Anterior compartment muscles
Ankle joint and metacarpal phalangeal joints
Dorsal intrinsic foot muscles
Skin b/w first and second digits

28
Q

Anterior tibial artery path

A

Arises from popliteal artery
Begins near inferior border of popliteus muscle, tibial tuberosity is approximate branch point of tibial artery into ant/posterior branches
Passes anteriorly over interosseous membrane
Descends of anterior surface of IO membrane b/w EHL and TA muscles with deep fibular nerve
Ends at ankle b/w malleoli to become dorsalis pedis artery

29
Q

Lateral compartment of leg contains

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

30
Q

Fibularis longus description, attachments, function

A

Extends from fibular head to sole of foot
Superficial to fibularis brevis
O- head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula
Passes inferior just posterior to lateral malleolus
Runs obliquely and distally across sole of foot to attach distally to first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone
Eversion and plantarflexion

31
Q

Cuboid sulcus

A

Cuboid is most lateral bone in distal row of tarsus

Sulcus is a groove for the fibularis longus

32
Q

Fibularis brevis description, attachments, function

A 
Deep to fibularis longus
O- inferolateral 2/3rds fibula 
Descends posterior to lateral malleolus
I- dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Eversion and plantarflexion
33
Q

Superficial fibular nerve description/path

A

One of the two terminal branches of common fibular N.
Begins b/w fibularis longus and fibula
Descends b/w fibular muscles and lateral to EDL
Becomes superficial in distal third of leg

34
Q

Superficial fibular nerve supplies

A

Anteroinferior leg
Nearly entire dorsal surface of foot
Most of dorsal aspects of digits

35
Q

Common fibular nerve injury

A

Results in paralysis of all anterior/lateral crural muscles
Causes foot drop
If leg is swung strongly forward the foot strikes with a clop noise
Loss of sensation along anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot

36
Q

Arterial supply to lateral compartment

A

Branches that pass anteriorly from the fibular artery
The one compartment without a distinct arterial branch accompanying the compartment nerve
Fibular artery is largest branch of posterior tibial artery

37
Q

Shin splints

A

Due to repetitive microtrauma of tibialis anterior
Inducing small tears to periosteum over tibia, and/or tears to overlying deep fascia
Is a mild form of compartmental syndrome (swelling of tibialis anterior due to repetitive ground reaction force)

COM MSK (35 decks)

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