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systems- GI > embryology of GI > Flashcards

embryology of GI Flashcards

1
Q

Which gene is a transcription factor for establishing left sidedness?

A

PTX2

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2
Q

what weeks does organogenesis happen?

A

3-8

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3
Q

what are the 3 phases of embryonic development?

A

growth and proliferation
morphogenesis
differentiation

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4
Q

what is growth and proliferation

A

cell division and elaboration of products

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5
Q

what is morphogenesis?

A

development of shape, size of a particular organ or part of the body

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6
Q

what is differentiation

A

maturation of physiological processes

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7
Q

when does exposure to teratogens occur?

A

week 4-8

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8
Q

what happens during gastrulation?

A

bilaminar embryonic disc is converted inti trilaminar disc

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9
Q

what are examples of embryonic ectoderm

A

Skin (epidermis, hair, nail), CNS,PNS, sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, nose & other structures (pituitary, mammary, sweat glands, enamel of teeth), liver (except the parenchyma), adrenal medulla etc.

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10
Q

what are examples of embryonic endoderm?

A

Epithelial lining of RS, GIT, glands, liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid parenchyma, urinary bladder etc.

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11
Q

what are examples of embryonic mesoderm?

A

muscle, bones, cartilage, dermis, vascular system (most of the CVS connective tissues, muscles, blood cells and bone marrow, vessels associated with organs and tissues), urogenital system except bladder, spleen, suprarenal gland cortex etc.

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12
Q

what gives rise to the parietal and visceral mesoderm?

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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13
Q

what weeks does the gut tube form?

A

3rd and 4th

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14
Q

what is the gut tube closed by?

A

oropharyngeal membrane at cranial and at the caudal end by cloacal membrane

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15
Q

where does the esophagus develop from?

A

cranial part of the primitive gut tube

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16
Q

where does the Laryngo-tracheal diverticulum (lung bud) develop from?

A

ventral wall of the foregut

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17
Q

what does the trachea-esophageal septum divide the foregut tube into?

A

trachea and esophagus

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18
Q

at what week does the foregut dilate to form the stomach into?

A

4th week

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19
Q

what does the differential growth of the stomach wall create?

A

greater and lesser curvatures

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20
Q

why does the stomach rotate and adapt?

A

to fit with the other developing organs

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21
Q

what kind of rotation does the stomach undergo to create the final adult position?

A

90 degrees and anterior-posterior roation

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22
Q

what is the mesentery that attaches the dorsal and ventral wall of the stomach?

A

mesogastrium

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23
Q

what does the rotation along the longitudinal axis that pulls the dorsal mesentery to the left create?

A

omental bursa

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24
Q

where is the duodenum formed from?

A

caudal part of the foregut and the cranial part of the midgut

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25
Q

where is the blood supply of the duodenum?

A

coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

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26
Q

what kind of shape does the duodenum create?

A

c-shaped

27
Q

what does the duodenal cap retain?

A

dorsal mesentery but the rest of the duodenum is retroperitoneal

28
Q

when does the liver bud appear?

A

middle of third week

29
Q

where is the outgrowth of the endoderm?

A

distal end of the foregut

30
Q

what does the liver bud grow into?

A

septum transversum

31
Q

what does the connection between the liver bud and foregut narrow into?

A

bile duct

32
Q

what does the ventral outgrowth from the bile duct form?

A

gall bladder and cystic duct

33
Q

where does the mesenchymal condensation develop into?

A

dorsal mesogastrium near the body wall

34
Q

when does this mesenchyme differentiates to form the spleen?

A

5th week

35
Q

what does the mesenchyme differentiate into?

A

spleen

36
Q

what kind of derivitive is the spleen?

A

mesodermal

37
Q

at week 14, what does the spleen act as?

A

haematopoietic organ

38
Q

what kind of lymphocytes colonise in weeks 15-17?

A

T lymphocytes

39
Q

when do the B cell precursers arrive?

A

week 23

40
Q

what does the pancreas form from?

A

2 buds which grow from the endodermal lining of the duodenum in week 5

41
Q

what buds fuse to form the pancreas?

A

dorsal and ventral buds

42
Q

what happens if the tracheo- esophageal,septum deviates incorrectly? and what is the result?

A

incomplete seperation of larynx- tracheal tube

Esophageal atresia and tracheo - esophageal fistula

43
Q

what happens if the ventral bud fails to migrate around the duodenum correctly?

A

annular pancreas- this may cause duodenal stenosis

44
Q

what is pancreatic tissue that may form in other areas of the foregut?

A

accessory pancreatic tissue

45
Q

what/where is the midgut?

A

distal part of duodenum, jejunum ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending column, proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

46
Q

what does the cephalic part of the midgut become?

A

distal duodenum, jejunum and peoximal ileum

47
Q

what does the caudal part of the midgut become?

A

distal ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and the proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

48
Q

when does rotation of the midgut happen?

A

6th week

49
Q

where does the initial rotation of the primary intestinal loop occur?

A

around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery

50
Q

where does the gut tube herniate into?

A

extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord

51
Q

where do the intestinal loops move after the umbilical cord?

A

back into the abdominal cavity

52
Q

what is an omphalocele?

A

herniation of intestinal loop through an enlarged umbilical ring

53
Q

what happens to people with small vitelline duct persists?

A

may form fistula or vitelline cyst/ligament

54
Q

what is the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3rd transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of the anal canal

55
Q

what does the endoderm of the hindgut also form?

A

lining of the bladder and urethra

56
Q

what does the terminal portion of the hindgut join with?

A

posterior part of the cloaca

57
Q

where does the allantois enter

A

anterior part of the cloaca

58
Q

what is a cloaca?

A

endoderm lined cavity with surface ectoderm at its ventral boundary

59
Q

what are the divisions of arteries supplying the gut tube?

A

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

60
Q

what artery supplies the foregut?

A

coeliac artery

61
Q

what artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

62
Q

what artery supplies the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

63
Q

what are developmental anomalies of the hindgut?

A

Urorectal fistula Rectovaginal fistula
Rectoanal atresia
Imperforate anus-

systems- GI (40 decks)

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