Nutrient Digestion I (Carbohydrates and Proteins)

Question 1

what are the principle dietry constituents?

Answer 1

carbohydrtaes
proteins
fats
vitamins
minerals
water

Question 2

what are monosaccharides and what are examples of some?

Answer 2

hexose sugars 6C
glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 3

what do monosaccharides break down to?

Answer 3

complex CHOs which are absorbed by small intestine

Question 4

what are disaccharides?

Answer 4

two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds

Question 5

what do disaccharides break down into?

Answer 5

constituent monomers by brush border enzymes in small intestine

Question 6

what are examples of disaacharides?

Answer 6

lactose
sucrose
maltose

Question 7

how do you make lactose?

Answer 7

glucose and galactose

Question 8

how do you make sucrose?

Answer 8

glucose and fructose

Question 9

how do you make maltose?

Answer 9

glucose and glucose

Question 10

what are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 10

starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 11

what is starch?

Answer 11

plant storage form of glucose

• amylose: glucose linked in straight chains
  amylopectin: glucose chains highly branched

Glucose monomers linked by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds - hydrolysed by amylases (saliva, pancreas)

Question 12

what is cellulose?

Answer 12

constituent of plant cell walls

Unbranched, linear chains of glucose monomers linked by B-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Dietary fibre (no enzymatic digestion in vertebrates - require bacteria (cellulase))

Question 13

what is glycogen?

Answer 13

animal storage form of glucose

Glucose monomers linked by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 14

what is transcellular transport?

Answer 14

Transcellular transport involves the transportation of solutes by a cell through a cell.[1] One classic example is the movement of glucose from the intestinal lumen to extracellular fluid by epithelial cells.

Question 15

what is paracellular transport

Answer 15

Paracellular transport refers to the transfer of substances across an epithelium by passing through the intercellular space between the cells

Question 16

what is vectorial transport?

Answer 16

The transport of an ion or molecule across an epithelium in only one direction (e.g. absorption of nutrients in the gut). Vectorial transport requires that transport proteins are nonrandomly distributed between the apical and basolateral plasma membrane.

Question 17

what is the difference between the apical and basolateral membrane?

Answer 17

the term basolateral membrane or serosal membrane refers to the cell membrane which is oriented away from the lumen of the tubule, whereas the term luminal membrane or apical membrane refers to the cell membrane which is oriented towards the lumen.

Question 18

what is a symporter?

Answer 18

can transport two things at once

Question 19

what is an example of a symporter and the carrier for glucose and sodium?

Answer 19

SGLT1

Question 20

what are polymers of amino acids linked togerther by?

Answer 20

peptide bonds

Question 21

what are enzymes called that hydrolyse peptide bondsand reduces protiens to amino acid?

Answer 21

proteases or peptidases

Question 22

what are small poteins that are 3-10 amino acids in length?

Answer 22

peptides