Chapter 1

Question 1

abscissa

Answer 1

The x-axis of a graph.

Question 2

anhydrous

Answer 2

Adjective describing a substance from which all water has been removed.

Question 3

atomic mass

Answer 3

Number of grams of an element containing Avogadro’s number of atoms.

Question 4

back titration

Answer 4

One in which an excess of standard reagent is added to react with analyte. Then the excess reagent is titrated with a second reagent or with a standard solution of analyte.

Question 5

blank titration

Answer 5

One in which a solution containing all reagents except analyte is titrated. The volume of titrant needed in the blank titration should be subtracted from the volume needed to titrate the unknown.

Question 6

concentration

Answer 6

An expression of the quantity per unit volume or unit mass of a substance. Common measures of concentration are molarity (mol/L) and molality (mol/kg of solvent).

Question 7

density

Answer 7

Mass per unit volume.

Question 8

direct titration

Answer 8

One in which the analyte is treated with titrant and the volume of titrant required fro complete reaction is measured.

Question 9

electrolyte

Answer 9

A substance that produces ions when dissolved.

Question 10

end point

Answer 10

Point in a titration at which there is a sudden change in a physical property, such as indicator color, pH, conductivity, or absorbance. Used as a measure of the equivalence point.

Question 11

equivalence point

Answer 11

Point in a titration at which the quantity of titrant is exactly sufficient for stoichiometric reaction with the analyte.

Question 12

formal concentration

Answer 12

F, the molarity of a substance if it did not change its chemical form on being dissolved. It

Question 13

formula mass

Answer 13

FM, The mass containing one mole of the indicated chemical formula of a substance.

Question 14

gravimetric analysis

Answer 14

Any analytical method that relies on measuring the mass of a substance (such as a precipitate) to complete the analysis.

Question 15

gravimetric titration

Answer 15

A titration in which the mass of titrant is measured, instead of the volume. Titrant concentration is conveniently expressed as mol reagent/kg titrant solution. Gravimetric titrations can be more accurate and precise than volumetric titrations.

Question 16

indicator

Answer 16

A compound having a physical property (usually color) that changes abruptly near the equivalence point of a chemical reaction.

Question 17

liter

Answer 17

The volume of a cube that is 10 cm on each edge.

Question 18

molality

Answer 18

m, A measure of concentration equal to the number of oles of solute per kg of solvent.

Question 19

molarity

Answer 19

M, A measure of concentration equal to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 20

mole

Answer 20

mol, SI unit for the amount of substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in 12 g of (12)^C. There are approximately 6.022 x 10^(23) molecules per mole.

Question 21

molecular mass

Answer 21

The number of grams of a substance that contains Avogadro’s number of molecules.

Question 22

ordinate

Answer 22

The y-axis of a graph.

Question 23

parts per billion

Answer 23

ppb, An expression of concentration denoting nanograms of solute per gram of solution

Question 24

parts per million

Answer 24

An expression of concentration denoting micrograms of solute per gram of solution.

Question 25

primary standard

Answer 25

A reagent that is pure enough and stable enough to be used directly after weighing. The entire mass is considered to be pure reagent.

Question 26

product

Answer 26

The species created in a chemical reaction.

Question 27

reactant

Answer 27

The species consumed in a chemical reaction.

Question 28

reagent grade chemical

Answer 28

A high-purity chemical generally suitable for use in quantitative analysis and meeting purity requirements set by organizations such as the ACS

Question 29

SI units

Answer 29

International system of units based on the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, mole, radian, and steradian.

Question 30

solute

Answer 30

A minor component of a solution.

Question 31

solvent

Answer 31

Major constituent of a mixture.

Question 32

standardization

Answer 32

Process of determining the concentration of a reagent by reaction with a known quantity of a second reagent.

Question 33

standard solution

Answer 33

A solution whose composition is known by virtue of the way that it was made from a reagent of known purity or by virtue of its reaction with a known quantity of a standard reagent.

Question 34

stoichiometry

Answer 34

Ratios of substances participating in a chemical reaction.

Question 35

titrant

Answer 35

Substance added to the analyte in titration.

Question 36

titration

Answer 36

A procedure in which one substance (titrant) is carefully added to another (analyte) until complete reaction has occurred. The quantity of titrant required for complete reaction tells how much analyte is present.

Question 37

titration error

Answer 37

Difference between the observed endpoint and the true equivalence point.

Question 38

trace analysis

Answer 38

Chemical analysis of very low levels of analyte, typically ppm and lower.

Question 39

volume percent

Answer 39

Defined as (volume of solute/volume of solution) x 100.

Question 40

volumetric analysis

Answer 40

A technique in which the volume of material needed to react with the analyte is measured.

Question 41

weight percent

Answer 41

(Mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100