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EMT > Chapter 19- Endocrine And Hematologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 19- Endocrine And Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Communication system that controls functions inside the body

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2
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete messenger hormones

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3
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances produced by a gland

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4
Q

What 2 things does the brain need to survive?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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5
Q

Insulin

A

Necessary for glucose to enter the cells for metabolism

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6
Q

What 2 hormones does the pancreas store and produce that play a major role in glucose metabolism?

A

Glucagon and insulin

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7
Q

Where does the pancreas create glucagon and insulin?

A

Islets of langerhans

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8
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

A disorder of glucose metabolism

Where the body has either an impaired insulin production or not enough functional receptors on the surface of the cells for the insulin to bind to.

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9
Q

3 types of diabetes

A

Type 1, type 2, and pregnancy induced gestational diabetes.

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10
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

A state in which the blood glucose level is above normal

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

State in which the blood glucose level is below normal.

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12
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Autoimmune disorder in which the immune cysteine produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells.

Meaning the pancreas is producing little to no insulin at all

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13
Q

Polyuria

A

More frequent urination

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14
Q

Polydipsia

A

Increase in fluid consumption

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15
Q

Polyphagia

A

Severe hunger and increased food intake.

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16
Q

Patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes will have symptoms related to eating and drinking:

A 
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Fatigue
17
Q

Ketones

A

Acid waste produced When the body burns fat rather than glucose

18
Q

When the kidneys do not work properly to maintain acid-base balance in the body because of the excess ketones and glucose in the blood this may be a result

A

Faster and deeper respiration’s by trying to reduce the acid levels in the body by releasing more CO2 (Kussmaul respiration’s)

19
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

A life threatening result that may occur if fat metabolism and ketone production continue

20
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Cause by resistance to the effects of insulin at the cellular level.

Fewer insulin receptors so there are not enough locks

May have recurrent infection, change in vision, or numbness in the feet.

21
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia

A

An acute emergency in which a patient’s blood glucose level drops and must be corrected swiftly.

22
Q

Hypoglycemia can be associated with the following signs and symptoms

A 
Normal to shallow or rapid respiration’s
Pale, moist skin
Diaphoresis (sweating)
Dizziness, headache
Rapid pulse
Normal to low blood pressure
Altered mental status
Anxious or combative behavior
Seizure, fainting, or coma
Weakness on one side of the body
Rapid changes in mental status
23
Q

AEIOU-TIPS

A
  • Alcohol
  • Epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
  • Insulin
  • Opiates and other drugs
  • Uremia (kidney failure)
  • Trauma, temperature
  • Infection
  • Poisoning, psychogenic causes
  • Shock, stroke, seizure, space-occupying lesion, subarachnoid hemmorrhage
24
Q

Patients with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia are thought to be..

A

Intoxicated, especially if their condition has cause a motor vehicle crash

25
Q

Hematology

A

The study of blood related diseases

26
Q

4 components the blood is made up of:

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Plasma

27
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

An inherited blood disorder that affect the red blood cells

The odd shaped red blood cells protect the individual from contracting malaria

28
Q

The misshaped sickle cells can lead to

A

Dysfunction in oxygen binding and unintentional clot formation that may result in blockages known as vasoocclusive crisis

29
Q

Life span of a normal sickle cell RBC

A

110 to 120 days

30
Q

Hemophilia

A

A decreased ability to create a clot after an injury.

31
Q

Thrombophilia

A

A disorder in the body’s ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems.

Concentration of particular elements in the blood creates what amounts to clogging or blockage issues.

EMT (26 decks)

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