Chapter 21- Toxicology

Question 1

Addiction

Answer 1

A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a substance.

Question 2

Antidote

Answer 2

A substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison

Question 3

Delirium tremendous (DTs)

Answer 3

A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol

Characterized by:

• restlessness
• fever
• sweating
• disorientation
• agitation
• and seizures

Can be fatal if untreated

Question 4

Emesis

Answer 4

Vomiting

Question 5

Hallucinogen

Answer 5

An agent that produce false perceptions in any one of the five senses.

Question 6

Hematemesis

Answer 6

Vomiting blood

Question 7

Hypnotic

Answer 7

A sleep-inducing effect or agent.

Question 8

Ingestion

Answer 8

Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth

Question 9

Narcotic

Answer 9

A drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness.

Question 10

Opiate

Answer 10

A subset of opioid family, referring to natural, non-synthetic opioids.

Question 11

Opioid

Answer 11

A synthetically-produced narcotic medication, drug, or agent similar to the opiate morphine, but not derived from opium; used to relieve pain.

Question 12

Overdose

Answer 12

An excessive quantity of a drug that, when taken or administered, can have toxic or lethal consequences.

Question 13

Poison

Answer 13

A substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body.

Question 14

Sedative

Answer 14

A substance that decreases activity and excitement.

Question 15

Stimulant

Answer 15

An agent that produces an excited state.

Question 16

Substance abuse

Answer 16

The misuse of any substance to produce a desired effect

Question 17

Tolerance

Answer 17

The need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

Question 18

Toxicology

Answer 18

The study of a toxic or poisonous substances

Question 19

Toxin

Answer 19

A poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants.

Question 20

Material safety data sheet (MSDS)

Answer 20

A form, provided by manufacturers and compounder of chemicals, containing information about the chemicals.

Question 21

A poison can be introduced into the body in one of four ways:

Answer 21

Inhalation
Absorption (surface contact)
Ingestion
Injection

Question 22

Is it possible to remove a dilute injected poison from the body?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Before you proceed with the treatment of a patient who has been poisoned

Answer 23

Contact medical control

Question 24

Approximately 80% of all poisons are by ___________. If permitted by local protocol give _______ __________

Answer 24

Ingestion; activated charcoal

Question 25

People who abuse a substance can develop a

Answer 25

Tolerance or addiction

Question 26

One of the most commonly abused drugs in the US

Answer 26

Alcohol

Question 27

Alcohol can:

Answer 27

Depress the central nervous system and can cause respiratory depression. Support the airway and be prepared for the patient to vomit.

Question 28

What else can depress the CNS

Answer 28

Opioids, opiates, sedative-hypnotic drugs, and abused inhalants

Question 29

An antidote that reverses the effects of opiate or opioid overdose

Answer 29

Naloxone

Question 30

Indications for naloxone include:

Answer 30

Atonal respiration’s or apnea, ventilate the patient prior to administration

Question 31

Inhalants may cause

Answer 31

Seizures or sudden death

Question 32

Sympathomimetics (including Cocaine) stimulate the CNS causing:

Answer 32

• hypertension
• tachycardia
• seizures
• dilated pupils

Question 33

Anticholinergic medications (often taken in suicide attempts) can cause a person to become

Answer 33

• hot
• dry
• blind
• red-faced
• mentally unbalanced

Question 34

DUMBELS

Answer 34

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis/muscle weakness
Bradycardia/bronchospasm/bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Seizures/salivation/sweating