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EMT > Chapter 33- Obstetrics And Neonatal Care > Flashcards

Chapter 33- Obstetrics And Neonatal Care Flashcards

1
Q

Endometrium

A

The lining inside the uterus

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2
Q

Embryo

A

The stage from 0 to 10 weeks after fertilization

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3
Q

Fetus

A

The stage from 10 weeks until delivery

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4
Q

Birth canal

A

Made up of the vagina, and the cervix

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5
Q

Cervix

A

The lower third, or neck, of the uterus

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6
Q

Bloody show

A

When the cervix begins to dilate, this plug is discharged into the vagina as a pink-tinged mucous

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7
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the vagina and the anus

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8
Q

Placenta

A

A disk-shaped structure attached to the uterine wall that provides nourishment to the fetus

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9
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Is the lifeline of the fetus, connecting to the woman and fetus through the placenta

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10
Q

Amniotic sac

A

Bag of waters, the fetus develops inside this

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11
Q

Term gestation

A

A pregnancy that has reached full term

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12
Q

The primary systems involved in pregnancy are:

A

Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Musculoskeletal

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13
Q

Anemic

A

A condition in which a person has too few red blood cells

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14
Q

Increased hormones affect the musculoskeletal system by…

A

Making the joints “looser” or less stable

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15
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in many woman who have not had diabetes previously

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16
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia

A
  • Severe hypertension
  • Severe or persistent headache
  • Visual abnormalities such as seeing spots, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light
  • swelling in the hands and feet (edema)
  • anxiety
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18
Q

Eclampsia

A

Characterized by seizures that occur as a result of hypertension

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19
Q

Supine hypotension syndrome

A

This condition is caused by compression of the inferior vena cava by the pregnant uterus when the patient lies supine, reducing the amount of blood that is returned to the heart

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20
Q

How do you avoid supine hypotensive syndrome?

A

By transporting the patient on her left side (left lateral recumbent

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21
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

When an embryo develops outside of the uterus, most often in the Fallopian tube

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22
Q

Miscarriage

A

Spontaneous abortion

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23
Q

Abruptio placenta

A

When the placenta separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus

May present with signs of shock

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24
Q

Placenta previa

A

The placenta develops over and covers the cervix

When early labor begins and the cervix begins to dilate, the pregnant woman may experience heavy vaginal bleeding, often without significant pain

25
Q

Abortion

A

Passage of the fetus and black at before 20 weeks

26
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

A condition seen in infants born to women who have abused alcohol.

The effects of the addiction on the fetus can include prematurity, low birth weight, and severe respiratory depression.

27
Q

What is one of the leading causes of abruptio placenta?

A

Trauma

28
Q

Guidelines when treating a pregnant trauma patient

A
  1. ) Maintain an open airway
  2. ) administer high-flow oxygen
  3. ) ensure adequate ventilation
  4. ) assess circulation
  5. ) transport considerations
29
Q

Meconium

A

Fetal stool (green)

30
Q

When gathering the history of a pregnant patient, ask this:

A

Whether the woman has taken any drugs or medications during the pregnancy

If her water has broken, ask whether the fluid was green

Determine the due date, fetal movement, frequency of contractions, and history of previous pregnancies and deliveries and their complications

31
Q

Secondary assessment

A
  • assess for fetal movement by asking the patient whether she can feel the fetus moving
  • assess the length and frequency of contractions by asking the patient and by placing your hand on the abdomen
  • if at any point you suspect imminent delivery, check for crowning (only done when appropriate and per local protocol)
  • vital signs: pulse, respirations, skin color temp and condition, and blood pressure
  • hypertension, even when mild, may indicate more serious problems
32
Q

Stages of labor

A
  1. ) dilation of the cervix
  2. ) delivery of the fetus
  3. ) delivery of the placenta
33
Q

First stage of labor begins with…

A

The onset of contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated.

34
Q

Signs of the beginning of labor

A

Bloody show

Water breaking

35
Q

Primigravida

A

Woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy

36
Q

Multigravida

A

A woman who has experienced previous pregnancies

37
Q

Lightening

A

The movement of the fetus down into the pelvis

38
Q

The second stage of labor begins when… and ends when…

A

When the fetus enters the birth canal

With the delivery of the newborn

39
Q

Pressure on the rectum may make the woman feel…

A

As if she needs to have a bowel movement

Never allow her to sit on a toilet

40
Q

When the top of the fetus’s head begins to appear at the vaginal opening is called

A

Crowning

41
Q

The third stage of labor begins with…. and ends with…

A

With the birth of the newborn

And ends with the delivery of the placenta.

42
Q

Answers to these questions will help determine whether delivery is imminent:

A
  • how long have you been pregnant?
  • when are you due?
  • is this your first pregnancy?
  • are you having contractions? How far apart are they? How long do they last?
  • have you had any spotting or bleeding
  • has your water broken?
  • do you feel as though you need to have a bowel movement?
  • do you feel the need to push?
43
Q

Asking these questions will help determine any potential complications:

A
  • were any of your previous deliveries by C section?
  • have you had any problems in this or any previous pregnancy?
  • do you use drugs, drink alcohol, or take any medications?
  • is there a chance you will have multiple deliveries
  • does your physician expect any other complications?
44
Q

Immediately prepare for delivery and consider calling for additional resources is the patient says:

A
  • that she is about to deliver
  • she has to move her bowels
  • or feels she needs to push
45
Q

Nuchal cord

A

If the cord is wrapped around the neck of the infant as its being delivered

46
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

White, cheesy substance that may be covering the newborn

47
Q

After cutting the cord, now is the time to evaluate the newborn for:

A

Term gestation, good muscle tone, and breathing/crying: also obtain the 1-minute agar score

48
Q

To help slow bleeding, you can massage the..

A

Woman’s abdomen with a firm, circular, kneading motion

49
Q

Fundus

A

A firm, grapefruit-sized mass in the lower abdomen

50
Q

Algae score

A

The standard scoring system used to assess the status of a newborn

51
Q

Altar scoring is based off of:

A
  • appearance
  • pulse
  • grimace or irritability
  • activity or muscle tone
  • respiration
52
Q

The algae score should be calculated at ____ and ____ after birth

A

1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth

53
Q

Presentation

A

The position in which an infant is born or the body part that is delivered first

54
Q

Vertex presentation

A

Normal birth, born head first

55
Q

Breech presentation

A

When the buttocks are delivered first

56
Q

Limp presentation

A

When the presenting part of the fetus is neither the head nor the buttocks but a single arm or leg

57
Q

Prolapse of the umbilical cord

A

A situation in which the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the fetus

58
Q

Spina birdie

A

A developmental defect in which a portion o the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly outside of the body.

It is important to cover the open area of the spinal cord with a moist, sterile dressing and then an occlusive dressing to seal the area immediately after birth

59
Q

A normal, full term, single newborn will weigh approximately…

A

7 pounds at birth

EMT (26 decks)

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