Nervous System V: Brain II

Question 1

what pases through the brain stem?

Answer 1

-nerve fibers pass from the cerebral hemispheres to the spinal cord through this

Question 2

brain stem components

Answer 2

• diencephalon
• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 3

diencephalon components

Answer 3

• thalamus

- hypothalamus

Question 4

thalamus location

Answer 4

-superior to midbrain (beneath corpus callosum)

Question 5

thalamus function

Answer 5

-contains neurons that act as relay center for all sensations except smell

Question 6

hypothalamus location

Answer 6

-inferior to thalamus

Question 7

hypothalamus function

Answer 7

• nuclei control sleep/wake cycle
• controls eating
• controls ANS

Question 8

midbrain location

Answer 8

-superior to pons

Question 9

midbrain components

Answer 9

• auditory and visual reflex centers of the head and neck
• inferior to hypothalamus
• nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 10

pons location

Answer 10

-superior to medulla oblongata

Question 11

pons components

Answer 11

• part of respiratory center
• bridges cerebellum
• nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 12

medulla oblongata location

Answer 12

• inferior most portion of brain stem

- at level of foramen magnum

Question 13

medulla oblongata components

Answer 13

-cardiovascular centers, motor, and sensory decussation of nerve fibers

Question 14

reticular activating center

Answer 14

• aka RAS
• column of neurons
• located in the middle of brain stem from the thalamus to the medulla

Question 15

what happens when the RAS is damaged?

Answer 15

-may result in a coma

Question 16

cerebellum

Answer 16

• found on posterior aspect of the brain stem

- coordinates movement (i.e. controls flec/extensor muscles)

Question 17

types of tracts/pathways

Answer 17

• dorsal column

- corticospinal tract

Question 18

dorsal column pathway type

Answer 18

-medial lemniscus pathway

Question 19

dorsal column components

Answer 19

• medial lemniscus

- fasciculus gracilis and cutaneous

Question 20

dorsal column origin

Answer 20

-spinal cord

Question 21

dorsal column decussation

Answer 21

-medulla

Question 22

dorsal column destination

Answer 22

-area 3, 1, 2

Question 23

corticospinal tract pathway type

Answer 23

-descending motor pathway

Question 24

what is the difference between sensory impulses and motor signals?

Answer 24

-motor signals pass from the cortex to the spinal cord without synapsing

Question 25

what two neurons is the innervation of the skeletal muscle dependant on?

Answer 25

• upper motor neurons

- lower motor neurons

Question 26

upper motor neurons function

Answer 26

• cell body located in the gray matter of the cortex (precentral gyrus)
• its axon synapse on a lower motor neuron

Question 27

lower motor neurons function

Answer 27

• cell body is the brainstem or spinal cord

- its axons synapse on skeletal muscle fibers

Question 28

branches of the right middle cerebral artey cupply which of the precentral gyruses?

Answer 28

-leftside, upper, and motor

Question 29

branches of the left anterior cerebral artery supply which posterior gyruses?

Answer 29

-rightside, lower limb, parietal