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A+P 2 > Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 2 > Flashcards

Lecture: The Digestive System Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is fecal matter temporarily stored?

A

The rectum

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2
Q

What is a colonoscopy and what is its purpose?

A

A camera is inserted through the anus up to the cecum to screen for colon cancer.

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3
Q

What is absorbed in the intestinal tract?

A

Water (unless diarrhea)

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4
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A
  1. filter the blood 2. detoxifies chemicals 3. secrete bile
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5
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated?

A

The gallbladder

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6
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

Cells of the liver

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7
Q

What do hepatocytes do?

A

Secrete bile

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8
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gallbladder

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9
Q

How are carbohydrates digested?

A
  1. Mouth, salivary amylase 2. Duodenum, pancreatic amylase
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10
Q

How are proteins digested?

A
  1. Stomach via pepsin 2. Duodenum pancreatic trypsin
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11
Q

How are lipids digested?

A

In the duodenum, lipase

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12
Q

How are lipids emulsified?

A

Bile and Lipase created by the pancreas combine to emulsify lipids

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13
Q

Who is most at risk for gallstones?

A

FFF, Fair Female Fat

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14
Q

What are gallstones?

A

High levels of cholesterol or bilirubin, bile forms solid particles.

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15
Q

What is the removal of gallbladder called? What is a side effect?

A

A cholecystectomy. You can no longer digest fat.

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16
Q

How long is the rectum?

A

15 cm or 6 inches

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17
Q

What causes the urge to defecate?

A

Movement of fecal material into the rectum

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18
Q

What part of the rectum is under voluntary control?

A

The skeletal muscles of the external anal sphincter

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19
Q

What part of the rectum has smooth muscle cells?

A

The internal anal sphincter (no voluntary control)

20
Q

Why does anal intercourse cause the highest contraction of HIV?

A

Because of the many glands that secrete fluid in the anus.

21
Q

What is the only organ not included in the peritoneum?

A

The kidney is BEHIND the peritoneum.

22
Q

How are most nutrients absorbed?

A

From the duodenum through the hepatic portal vein to the liver for filtering.

23
Q

What does the good bacteria of the large intestine produce?

A

Vitamin K (blood coagulation)

24
Q

What enzymes are exclusive to infants?

A

Rennin (for milk protein digestion)

25
Q

What are the subdivisions of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosae

26
Q

What are the subdivisions of the muscularis?

A

Longitudinal Muscle and Circular Muscle

27
Q

What is the major function of the muscosa

A

Secretes mucous, digestive enzymes, absorps nutrients and protects against disease

28
Q

What is the major function of the muscularis?

A

Segmentation and peristalsis along the tract, regularted by mesenteric nerve plexus

29
Q

What is the major function of the serosa adventia? or peritoneal layer idc

A

reduces friction between internal organs

30
Q

Another name for the digestive tract

A

alimentary canal

31
Q

What is the major function of the submuscosa?

A

houses blood vessels and gives structural support

32
Q

What types of epitheleal cells are in the esophagus vs the stomach?

A

Esophagus: Stratified Squamous cells offer protections

Stomach: Columnar or goblet cells absorb and secrete

33
Q

Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption

A

Villi

34
Q

large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine

A

Peyer’s Patches

35
Q

Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine

A

Circular Folds

36
Q

Mobile Organ of the digestive system

A

Tongue

37
Q

Conduit for both air and food

A

Pharynx

38
Q

Pocketlike sacs of the large intestine

A

haustra

39
Q

Projections of the plasma membrane of the muscosal epithelial cell

A

microvilli

40
Q

valve at the junction of the small and large intestines

A

ileocecal valve

41
Q

Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

frenulum

42
Q

Area between the lips and cheeks

A

Oral Vestibule

43
Q

Covers abdominal organs like an apron

A

greater omentum

44
Q

wormlike sac that outpockets the cecum

A

appendix

45
Q

valve between the stomach and duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

46
Q

posterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity

A

soft palate

47
Q

bone supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity

A

hard palate

A+P 2 (19 decks)

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