8.3

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

The process of making RNA from DNA code

Question 2

Central Dogma

Answer 2

DNA > RNA (transcription) > Protein (translation)

Question 3

Base pairing rules

Answer 3

A to U and C to G (like DNA, but without the T)

Question 4

Differences and similarities between DNA and RNA

Answer 4

RNA - Single stranded, has U instead of T.

DNA - Double stranded. Has T.

Both have A,C, and G.

Question 5

Promoter

Answer 5

Starting site of transcription. Usually contains TATA. Signals transcription factors and then RNA polymerase attach.

Question 6

Enhancer/silencer

Answer 6

Acts as a switch that controls if/how much RNA is made from gene. Additional binding for transcription factors.

Question 7

Exons

Answer 7

Sequences that will be present in RNA

Question 8

Introns

Answer 8

Sequences that will be spliced out and removed.

Question 9

Initiation

Answer 9

Prepares RNA polymerase to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA.

Question 10

Elongation

Answer 10

RNA breaks from transcription factors. 5’ protective cap is added to the RNA. Introns get spliced.

Question 11

Termination

Answer 11

PolyA tail is added to the end of the RNA molecule. Longer tail = longer mRNA = more possible proteins.

Question 12

What happens during the splicing process?

Answer 12

Introns are taken out of the RNA. Makes mature mRNA transcript.
Only happens in eukaryotes.

Question 13

Alternative Splicing

Answer 13

Can create different proteins from the same gene.
It keeps different exons while different RNA sequences result in different protein structure/functions.