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Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A 
retinol
general growth & development
wound healing
biosynthesis of steroids
pigment required for night vision
in epithelial cells
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2
Q

vitamin A sources

A 
food w/ carotenes
yellow & dark leafy vegetables
butter
eggs
whole milk
liver
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3
Q

vitamin A oral supplement uses

A 
pregnancy
lactation
undernutrition
night blindness
slow wound healing
gastrectomy
topical: acne, psoriasis, skin issues
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4
Q

vitamin A deficiencies causes

A

prolonged dietary deprivation (rice diet)
pancreatic disease
cirrhosis

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5
Q

vitamin A se

A

uncommon @ recommended doses
toxic in large amounts: acute ingestion = serious CNS toxicity (HA/irritability/drowsiness/delirium/coma)
long-term high ingestion: drying & scaling of skin, alopecia, fatigue, anorexia vomiting, leukopenia
can increase serum calcium/cholesterol and BUN

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6
Q

Vitamin D

A

regulates calcium phosphate metabolism/absorption

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7
Q

Vitamin D sources

A

D2: dairy

D3 UV light

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8
Q

Vitamin D supplement uses

A

rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
hypocalcemia

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9
Q

vitamin D causes of deficiency

A

low dietary intake
inadequate sun exposure
anti convulsants

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10
Q

vitamin D se

A

uncommon

toxic: hypercalcemia

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11
Q

calcitriol

A

bone resorption inhibitor
used fo CKD & hypoparathyroidism
combined w/ calcium supplement

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12
Q

vitamin E

A 
tocopherols
primary antioxidant (prevents formation of free-radicals)
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13
Q

vitamin E sources

A

plant-seed oils
whole-grain cereals
eggs
certain organ meats

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14
Q

vitamin E oral supplement uses

A

prevent heart disease

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15
Q

vitamin E causes of deficiency

A

child: prematurity > hemolytic anemia
adult: severe malabsorption

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16
Q

vitamin E adverse effects

A

uncommon @ recommended doses

long-term ^ ingestion= n/v fatigue, headache, blurred vision

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17
Q

vitamin K

A

needed to produce prothrombin

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18
Q

vitamin K sources

A

K1 phytonadione: plant sources, eggs, liver, cheese

K2 menaquinone: synthesized by microbial flora in colon

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19
Q

vitamin K causes of deficiency

A

newborn
liver disease
long-term parental nutrition
cephalosporins & salicylates

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20
Q

vitamin K se

A

facial flushing
pain @ injection site
severe: dyspnea, hypotension, shock, cardia arrest

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21
Q

vitamin B1

A

thiamine

essential to metabolic processes: oxidation of CHO/RBC formation

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22
Q

vitamin B1 sources

A

plant & animal products
whole-grain foods
dried beans
peanuts

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23
Q

vitamin B1 causes of deficiency

A 
prolonged dietary deprivation (rice diet)
hyperthyroid
pregnancy
alcoholism
chronic liver disease
24
Q

vitamin B1 se

A

pain @ injection site

toxic IV: angioedema, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, GI bleeding, CV collapse

25
Q

vitamin B1 deficiency

A

beriberi
neurologic signs (paresthesia, neuralgia, progressive loss of feeling & reflexes)
not common in US (alcoholism & chronic liver disease)

26
Q

vitamini B2

A

riboflavin

oxidation reduction

27
Q

vitamin B2 sources

A 
wheat germ 
eggs
cheese
fish
nuts
leafy vegetables
28
Q

vitamin B2 causes of deficiency

A

inadequate intake
chronic diarrhea
liver disease
alcoholism

29
Q

vitamin B2 deficiency s/s

A

corneal vascularization
anemia
dermatitis
cheilosis (painful inflammation & cracking of corners of mouth white)

30
Q

Vitamin B3

A

niacin

oxidation-reduction

31
Q

Vitamin B3 sources

A 
synthesized from tryptophan
beans
wheat germ 
meats
nuts
whole-grain bread
32
Q

vitamin B3 causes of deficiency

A

corn diet
chronic diarrhea
liver disease
alcoholism

33
Q

Vitamin B3 SE

A

uncommon

high doses: flush, rash, diarrhea, hepatoxicity

34
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

pellagra (characterized by scaly sores, mucosal changes/ mental symptom)
fatigue
anorexia
dry skin
common in alcoholism
classic signs: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

35
Q

Vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine

amino acids/ RBC production

36
Q

vitamin B6 sources

A 
meats
whole grains
eggs
fortified cereals
nuts
bananas
37
Q

vitamin B6 causes of deficiency

A 
oral contraceptives
uremia
hypothyroidism
isoniazid
cyclosporine
hydralazine
heart failure
malabsorption 
alcoholism
38
Q

vitamin B6 use

A

+ antihistamin = tx severe N/v in pregnancy

39
Q

Vitamin B6 SE

A

pain @ injection flushing

high doses: neuropathy, ataxia, seizures

40
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency s/s

A

skin abnormalities
cheilosis
fatigue
irritability

41
Q

Vitamin B9

A

folic acid
DNA synthesis
RBC production

42
Q

vitamin B9 sources

A

green leafy vegetables

citrus fruits

43
Q

vitamin B9 causes of deficiency

A 
corn diet
oral contraceptives
phenytoin 
barbiturates
chronic diarrhea
liver disease
alcoholism
44
Q

vitamin B9 SE

A

uncommon

high doses: hypersensitivity (allergic rxn)

45
Q

vitamin B9 deficiency s/s

A

megaloblastic anemia w/out severe CNS symptoms
maternal deficiency = neural tube defects in embryo/fetus
= open/closed spina bifida, anencephaly, craniorachischisis

46
Q

Vitamin B12

A

cynocobalamin
cell replication
erythrocyte maturation
myelin synthesis

47
Q

vitamin B12 sources

A 
animals
lean meat
seafood
liver
milk
yeast (fortified cereals)
48
Q

vitamin B12 causes of deficiency

A 
diet
lack of intrinsic factor
omeprazole
metformin
oral contraceptives
alcohol
49
Q

vitamin B12 SE

A 
rash
diarrhea
high doses: thrombosis
hypokalemia
pulmonary edema
heart failure
50
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency s/s vs due to lack of intrinsic factor

A

megaloblastic anemia
vs
pernicious anemia

51
Q

vitamin C

A 
ascorbic acid
coenzyme
collagen synthesis
tissue healing
maintenance of bone/teeth/epithelial tissue
52
Q

vitamin C sources

A

fruits

vegetables

53
Q

vitamin C causes of deficiency

A 
diet
pregnancy
chronic inflammatory disease
burns
diarrhea
alcoholism
54
Q

vitamin C SE

A

uncommon

high doses: crystalluria

55
Q

vitamin C deficiency s/s

A

scurvy
fatigue
bleeding gums
poor wound healing

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (27 decks)

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