Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Integument: Acute Conditions > Flashcards

Integument: Acute Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

infectious

A

bacterial: boils, impetigo, infected hair follicles
fungal: ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, nail infection
parasitic: ticks, mites, lice
viral: cold sores, fever blisters (herpes simplex), chicken pox, warts (HPV til proven otherwise), shingles (herpes zoster), measles (rubeola), german measles (rubella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inflammatory

A 
injury from sun exposure
combo of overactive glands, increased hormones, infection (acne, rosacea)
disorders w/ itching cracking/discomfort: 
atropic dermatitis
contact dermatits
seborrheic dermatitis
stasis dermatitis
psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bacterial skin infections

A

occur when break in skin’s defenses
most common: staphylococcus, streptococcus
many mild/slef-lmiting
serious = deep/systemic (require oral/parenteral ABX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fungal skin infections

A 
tinea pedis (athlete's foot) tinea cruris (jock itch) tinea capitis (ringworm of scalp) tinea unguium (nails )
TX w/ opical antifungals
in immunocompromised patients = serious (require oral/parenteral antifungals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

viral skin infections

A

child hood: varicella, rubeola, rubella (koplik spots in mouth)
adult: (erpes zoster (shingles) herpes simplex (cold sores/genital lesions)
TX: topical/oral antiviral therapy w/ acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cellulitis

A

diffuse painful inflam of skin/subcutaneous layers
break in skin from injury
most common from: streptococcus/staphylococcus MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cellulitis RF

A 
athletes
children
residents of long-term care facilities
IV drug users
prior MRSA exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cellulitis s/s

A 
painful, red, swollen area of skin
hot
tender to touch
fever & chills
vesicles, bullae, plaques (w/ staphylococcus)
tachycardia
hypotension 
confusion 
headache
lymphadenitis
lymphangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cellulitis DX

A

physical exam
cultures
blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cellulitis TX

A

manage/prevent spread of infection
topical/oral/IV ABX
pain meds
teaching: TX/prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

impetigo

A 
acute highly contagious skin infection 
nonbullous impetigo (impetigo contagiosa) [smaller blisters] vs bullous impetigo [large blisters]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

impetigo etiology

A

group A strep & staphylococcus aureus (staph)
enter skin > create pus-filled blister that bursts and leaves crust
colinization ^ by high temp, humidity, preexisting skin disorders, young age and recent ABX use
transmission is rapid, must be treated quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

impetigo s/s

A

red pimples
fluid-filled blisters
oozing rash w/ yellow crusts (honey-crusted lesions)
bacteria live under crust/in blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

impetigo DX and TX

A

physical exam, culture

TX: prescription ointments, oral ABX, teaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of hair follicle
can be infectious (bac/virus/fungi/parasite)
noninfectious (trauma, inflamm, damaged/blocked follicles) or autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

folliculitis s/s

A

puritus
burning
mild discomfort
multiple, small papules/pustules w/ a red base around hair follicle, break/crust over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

folliculitis DX/TX

A

based on s/s

TX depends on etiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

furuncles

A

boil

extension of folliculitis or infection of sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

carbuncle

A

cluster of infected hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

furnucles/carbuncle patho

A

primary S. aureous & MRSA
F: infection spreads down hair shaft thru follicle and into dermis
C: cluster coalesces to form lesion filled w/ pus, dead tissue, fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

furuncles & carbuncles s/s

A

area firm/red/painful
tips white
purulent drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

furuncles & carbuncles DX/TX

A 
exam, culture
TX: moist head
oral ABX
incision/drainage 
hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of skin/mucous membranes with any species of candida
mouth, throat, lungs, vagina, folds of skin, bowel
usually secondary condition
candida is normal but warmth/moisture/breaks in epidermis can cause infection
life-threatening if in bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

candidiasis s/s

A

thrush: white covering tongue, mouth, throat
vaginal: itching, foul odor, white discharge
balanitis: flattened pustules, edema, burning, tenderness
diaper rash: dark red patches in skin folds, fluid-filled spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

candidiasis Dx/Tx

A

physical exam skin scraping

antifungal drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

tinea

A 
ringworm
contagious (different types of fungi)
superficial infections (dermatophytoses) named by location on body 
spread by direct contact
thrive in warm, damp environments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tinea s/s

A 
scaly plaque with erythema
crust
papules
vesicles
bullae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tinea DX

A 
skin scrapings
fungal culture
polymerase chain reaction assay
skin biopsy
wood light exam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

tinea TX

A

OTC

prescription meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

contact dermaitis

A

inflam/irritation of skin (hypersensitivity response)
caused by contact w/ irirtant or allergen
irritants 80% of cases, allergic (immune response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

contact dermatitis s/s (irritant vs allergic)

A

irritant: hyperemia, itching, skin lesions, vesicular/pustular skin eruptions, itching
allergic: weeping vesicles, hives, itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

contact dermatitis DX/TX

A

full exam/history “use” test, skin biopsy

TX: avoidance of cause, OTC meds, home remedies, witch hazel cream, st. John’s wort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

chronic skin inflam w/ exacerbations and remissions

papulosquamous disorder on sebum glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

seborrheic dermatitis s/s

A

rounded/irregular/circular lesions w/ yellow/brown-gray greasy scales
itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

seborrheic dermatitis DX/TX

A

skin biopsy, fungal culture
TX: ketoconazole, naftifine, ciclopirox creams, gels
calcineurin inhibitors, sulfur or sulfonamide combos, propylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

seborrheic dermatitis locations

A

head, ears, third eye, around nose, under boobs, bellybutton, pubic areas, asscrack

37
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

widespread skin inflamm from preexisting skin disorders, drugs, cancer or unknown

38
Q

exfoliative dermatitis s/s

A 
erythematous and scaly
patches that spread
pruritus
malaise
chills
39
Q

exfoliative dermatitis DX/TX

A 
dermatologist, skin biopsy
ketoconanzole 
naftifine
ciclopirox creams/gels
calcineurin inhibitors
sulfur/sulfonamide combos
propylene glycol
40
Q

urticaria

A

hives
welts on skin that often itch
acute urticaria more common than chronic urticaria

41
Q

urticaria causes

A 
reactions to drugs
contact w/ allergens
exposure to water
emotional stimuli
physical stimuli etc
42
Q

urticaria patho

A

IgE releases histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
causes extravasation of plasma into dermis

43
Q

urticaria s/s

A

sudden appearance of pale wheals or papules that cause severe itching

44
Q

urticaria DX/TX

A 
allergy testing, skin biopsy
antihistamines
calamine lotion
cortisone creams (itching)
topical emollients/aluminum acetate (dry skin)
45
Q

lichen planus

A

noncontagious inflammatory disorder of skin, mouth, nails, scalp, mucous membranes
unknown cause, may be allergic or autoimmune response

46
Q

lichen planus s/s

A

slow/quick onset
rash w/ flat-topped, firm, reddish to purple bumps w/ symmetrical sides & sharp border
wickham striae
itching

47
Q

lichen planus DX/TX

A

skin biopsy and lab work
TX: might not be needed, no cure
oral antihistamines, corticosteroids, retinoic acid, PUVA therapy

48
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

“flesh-eating disorder”
rapidly spreading infection caused by bacteria
caused by a mix of aerobic/anaerobic organisms
start from contagious ulcer/wound/untreated skin infection
comp of surgery/abscess
occlusion of small subQ vessels = tissue ischemia > infarction > necrosis

49
Q

necrotizing fasciitis s/s

A 
skin red/hot/swollown
malodorous
pain
speticemia
gangrene
50
Q

necrotizing fasciitis TX

A 
ABX
surgical debridement
pain control 
amputation of limbs
hyperbaric oxygen
51
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

inflammation of skin caused by poison
w/ spots = widespread w/ detachment of epidermis/eorsion (30%)
w/out spots = erythema no lesions (10%)

52
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis etiology

A

rxn to drugs/bacterial infection/malginancy/graft-versus-host disease
vaccinations

53
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis s/s

A 
flulike symptoms
rash
large blisters in center rash
ruptures
skin peels off
54
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis DX and TX

A

HX (including when drug started symptom onset), amount of body-surface area affected, macules
TX: discontinuation of offending drug, supportive care

55
Q

SJS

A

rare disorder
cell death causes epidermis to separate from dermis
milder TEN
can be caused by 200 meds/infectious causes/delayed hypersensitive rxn

56
Q

SJS s/s

A

flulike symptoms
symmetric burning rash
red, purple target lesions

57
Q

SJS TX

A 
stop all non-essential meds
fluid replacement
nutrition
wound & eye care
pain meds
antihistamines
ABX
topical steroids
58
Q

Bee & Wasp Stings

A

vespids vs apids
females have the sting/venom
human body releases histamine in response to venom (venoms contain hyaluronidase that causes it to spread)

59
Q

bee/wasp sting s/s

A 
swelling 
redness
itching
mild pain
anaphylactic rxn
60
Q

bee/wasp stings TX

A

remove stinger
apply cool compress immediately to site
oral/topical antihistamines, analgesics
emergency management of anaphylaxis

61
Q

tick bites

A

blood sucking arachnids (parasites)
embed head into skin and grow as they feed
RF: outdoor activities, contact w/ animals

62
Q

tick bites s/s

A

allergy: rxn
associated disease: flulike symptoms, rash over entire body, neck stiffness, swollen lymph nodes
lyme disease: red bump w/ ringed red rash resembling bullseye, fever, HA, fatigue
rocky mountain spotted fever: dots on ankles & wrists

63
Q

tick bites TX

A 
remove tick with tweezers
swab bite w/ alcohol
if severe = 
topical antihistamines/corticosteroids
calamine lotion & benzocaine spray
ice pack 
tests for tick disease
acute lyme disease = ABX
64
Q

pediculosis

A 
lice
infestation of parts of body/clothing with lice eggs/larvae/adults
pediculosis humanus capitis
pediculosis humanus corporis
pthiriasis
most do not cause disease
65
Q

pediculosis s/s

A

pruritus
itching/sores from scratching
visable body lice in crevices/skin folds

66
Q

prediculosis DX

A

s/s of nits

wood lamp, yllow-green fluorescence of lice/nits

67
Q

pediculosis tx

A

pediculicides
nit comb
wash clothes & linens

68
Q

scabies

A

intense pruritic rash caused by a mite
very contatious via upholstery/linens
sarcoptes scabei burrous into skin adn lays eggs

69
Q

scabies s/s DX TX

A

rash & itching
physical exam/skin scraping
TX: antiscabies meds, antihistamine

70
Q

permethrin

A

antiparasitic (scabicide, pediculicide)
kills parasites as a cream/lotion (1% = lice, 5% = mites)
should remain on hair/scalp 10 min b4 removal
mites itching 2-3 wks even after cure
SE: few systemic effects, local rxn: pruritis/rash/transient tingling/burning/stinging/erythema/edema
contra: premature infants, <2 yrs, skin with abrasions/rash/inflammation, cautions over inflamed skin, asthma, lactating women
B

71
Q

acne vulgaris

A

formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodoules, cysts when hair follicles/sebaceous glands become inflammed due to obstruction
80% adolescents & over 30
noniflammatory vs inflammatory vs mixed

72
Q

acne vulgaris causes

A

seborrhea: overproduction of sebum by oil glands
abnormal formation of keratin that blocks oil glands
androgens: stimulate sebum production

73
Q

acne vulgaris TX

A

OTC: benzoyl peroxide

prescriptive TX: tretinoin, oral contraceptives, ABX

74
Q

rosacea

A

progressive disorder
onsent 30-50 yrs
unknown cause
various triggers (stress, hot drinks, spicy food, heat, exercise, vasodilating drugs etc)

75
Q

rosacea s/s

A

small papules w/out pus
flushed face around nose/cheeks
soft tissue of nose may swell (rhinophyma)
chronic red rash involving central part of face (recurring, persistent, transient)
telangiectasia
swollen red, eye problems
enlarged nose

76
Q

rosacea RF

A

female/fair-skinned
>30
smoking
family history

77
Q

rosacea TX

A 
skin care
ABX
retinoids
cosmetic procedures
gentle massage
78
Q

tretinoin

A

anti-acne
decreases comedone formation & increases extrusion of comedones
4-8 wks to improve, 5-6 mo for max benefit
SE: redness, scaling, erythema, crusting/peeling of skin, high doses: bone pain/fever/HA/n/v/rash/stomatitis/pruritus/sweating/ocular disorders
BBW: off-label TX for acute promyelocytic leukemia = birth defects if PO
contra: avoid OTCacne meds causing excessive drying of skin, direct exposur to sunglight/UV lamps, do not admin if allergic to fish
interx: tetracylcines flurquinolones sulfonamides (phototoxicity)
C (topcial) oral (D)

79
Q

isotretinoin

A

anti acne
TX severe, scarring acne that’s unresponsive
SE: dry skin & mucous membranes
BBW: must register w/ iPLEDGE program/familiar w/ drug’s toxicity before use, need pregnancy testing throughout/contraception can’t donate blood
contra: HX depression, suicidal ideation, pregnancy, patients sign consent regarding suicide risk, vitamin A allergy
interx: tetracyclines, vit A, st. john’s wort
X

80
Q

brittle nails

A

easily crack/chip/split/peel

onychoschizia: brittle/soft nails w/ splitting

81
Q

brittle nail causes

A 
aging
long-term nail polish use
exposure to moisture/dryness
disease
chemo
chemical
82
Q

brittle nail prevention

A

keep nails short
avoid nail polish remover w/ acetone
use gloves to avoid getting wet
use emollients

83
Q

nail infections

A

onchymycosis (fungal)
yeasts
molds

84
Q

nail infection s/s

A

white, yellow spot under tip of nail
appears dull/distorted/thickens
pain and ordor

85
Q

nail infection RF

A 
nail injury or surgery
diabetes
weakened immune system
blood circulatory problems
athlete's foot
86
Q

nail infections TX

A

oral antifungals
laser & light-based therapies
ultrasound

87
Q

nail trauma/loss

A

cut, torn smashed nail
crushing = subungual hematoma
nail lifts completely from bed
RF: diabetes, circulatory problems, AIDS, chemo

88
Q

nail trauma/loss s/s and TX

A

pain, bleeding swelling, warmth

dressing, stitches, ABX

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions