Self

Question 1

The concept of self

Answer 1

The core of our being
Something that is continuous over time
The totality of our personal experience
Includes our thought processes, physical body, the experience that we are separate and unique from others

Question 2

Erik Erikson 1968

Answer 2

Theory in identity formation
One’s identity becomes fixed during the development stage of adolescence when one experiences the pressure of one’s transition from being a dependent child to an autonomous adult
Identity is a solid sense of one’s ideologies, philosophies, values and beliefs, thus it looks as though we are delivered to our circumstances
Our selves develop as we try make the best of the situations in which we find ourselves

Question 3

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Answer 3

The ultimate goal of personal development is self-actualisation

Question 4

The double self

Answer 4

When I talk about myself, I am self talking about itself

I am real and the thoughts I have about myself makes a mental picture

Question 5

Jacques Lacan

Answer 5

Says that we need the interplay between the subjective self and objective self to form an understanding about ourselves

Question 6

Self-construction

Answer 6

A process characterised by moments of ambivalence and the dynamic way in which we construct ourselves due to these moments

Question 7

Dimension of self construction

Answer 7

Self insight vs self desception
Self regard vs self disregard
Self identity vs self alienation
Autonomous self vs collective self

Question 8

Self insight vs self deception

Answer 8

The tension between what we should be and what we turn out to be

Question 9

Self insight

Answer 9

Refers to how much insight one has about oneself

Whether one really knows who one is

Question 10

Self deception

Answer 10

Not have self insight

Question 11

Johari window

Answer 11

A technique that helps people understand their relationship with themselves and others

Question 12

Self- regard

Answer 12

General feeling we have about our self worth

Question 13

Self identity

Answer 13

Refers to the identification of and with the self
Strong self identification means knowing who one is and being satisfied with this
Has a cognitive and emotional component
A process of reflection
No absolute self-identification

Question 14

Self alienation

Answer 14

Occurs when you do not really know who you are
Having a feeling of estrangement to oneself
No absolute self alienation

Question 15

Lacan’s mirror stage theory

Answer 15

The development of identity in terms of the reflection of one’s image in the mirror
When the child recognises itself in the mirror it looks from inside itself and sees its exterior form in the mirror
The child identifies itself but it is not the interior form that appears in front of it
In the moment that the child identifies itself it is already alienated from itself in the sense that it sees the outside of itself

An example of a process that happens throughout our lives

Question 16

Self autonomy

Answer 16

Focuses on the self as an individual entity

A healthy self is autonomous and independent from others

Question 17

Self collectivity

Answer 17

Considers the self in relation to others

The self should be inclusive of others and find its worth in relation to others

Question 18

Markus and Kitayama (1991) and Triandis (1989)

Answer 18

Ascribe the divergent notions of the self to cultural differences

Question 19

A picture of self

Answer 19

We are not stuck at particular points on the dimensions of self-construction but we do display characteristic dynamics in particular situations and thus we tend to hover close to particular points on the dimensions of self construction

Question 20

Foundations of the self

Answer 20

Physical domain
Intrapersonal domain
Interpersonal doman

Question 21

Physical domain

Answer 21

Describes the self as the product of biological processes

Question 22

Intrapersonal doman

Answer 22

Describes the self as the product of a process of consciousness

Question 23

Interpersonal domain

Answer 23

Describes the self as a product of a process of symbolic interaction

Question 24

The process of reflection

Answer 24

The self is a process of reflection
It is the process that occurs when we think about ourselves
The self is not a source of the process, but is the product of the process
The self grows out of this process

Question 25

Kinds of reflection

Answer 25

Biological
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal

Question 26

Biological foundation of self

Answer 26

The self emerges through a process of self-organisation in the neural system
This is the auto-genesis of self

Question 27

Foundation of self in consciousness

Answer 27

This kind of self reflection is called introspection
The self is formed and shaped through a process of introspection in which I pitch my current state against my potential state