Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FUN > 39. Biosynthetic Pathways > Flashcards

39. Biosynthetic Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general features of anabolic pathways?

A

Use chemical energy
Form precursors
Form complex molecules from simple precursors
Link these complex molecules together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the substrates in gluconeogenesis?

A

Lactate
Glycerol
Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What converts lactate to pyruvate?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is glycerol converted to?

A

Glycerol phosphate
DHAP
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are amino acids converted to?

A

Oxaloacetate

PEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What activates pyruvate carboxylase?

A

acetyl coA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What converts oxaloacetate to PEP?

A

PEP carboxykinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What dephosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate?

A

fructose-1,6-phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is gluconeogenesis inhibited by?

A

AMP

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is gluconeogenesis increased by?

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate?

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Phosphate is released into the endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does glucose-6-phosphate translocase do?

A

Transports G6P to the endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Alternative branch off glycolysis to produce the sugars that make up DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway

A

Glucose-6-phosphate is oxidised to lactone
NAD+ reduced to NADPH
Glucose-6-phosphate and water used to make 6-phosphogluconate
Carbon removed and CO2 released
Electrons used to make NADPH
New molecule is ribulose-5-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enzymes catalyse the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

6-phosphogluconolactone hydrolase

17
Q

What happens in the cyclic phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Ribulose-5-phosphate is converted to another 5-carbon sugar
2 added together to make one 10-carbon molecule
Can make a 3C and 6C molecule for glycolysis
Or 4C precursor for amino acids

18
Q

What are the anabolic uses of NADPH?

A 
Synthesis of : cholesterol
steroid hormones
fatty acids
sphingomyelin
phospholipids
19
Q

Which amino acids are ketogenic?

A

Alanine
Aspartate
Glutamate

20
Q

What do ketogenic amino acids produce when deaminated?

A

a-keto acids

21
Q

How are asparagine and glutamine produced?

A

Amidation

22
Q

How is proline produced?

A

Cyclization of glutamate

23
Q

How is tyrosine produced?

A

Hydroxylation of phenylalanine

24
Q

Where are purines gotten from?

A

Made de novo

Salvaged

25
Q

What is needed to produce pyramidines?

A

Glutamine
CO2
ATP
Folic acid

26
Q

What is needed to make purines?

A

Pentose-5-phosphate

Phosphate

27
Q

What is purine synthesis inhibited by?

A

Purine nucleotides

28
Q

Where are pyrimidines gotten from?

A

Made de novo

29
Q

What are purines degraded into?

A 
Xanthine
Uric acid (excreted)

FUN (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions